Soliloquies Essay - A Powerful Soliloquy in Macbeth -- Macbeth essays

A Powerful Soliloquy in Macbeth The adopt Macbeth single-valued functions soliloquies with great effect to sway the thoughts of individual characters, particularly in the case of the protagonist, Macbeth. In Act V Scene V, strong words from Macbeth convey to the reader two themes of the play. This soliloquy demonstrates the plays use of irony and the use of the disparity between the great opposition of light and darkness as symbols for both life and death. This soliloquy is quite significant to the play as a whole since it demonstrates two very important themes as well as leading to a better understanding of Macbeth. Macbeth is talking to an officer, when audience of his wifes demise his mood suddenly deepens into that of emptiness. He begins a soliloquy and states a number of ironic things. He states that life drags on, that it creeps in this petty pacing when in reality the speed of his actions and the development of the plays plot are taking place at a great speed. Furtherm ore he goes on to key life as a brief candle, thus communicating that lifes opposite death must therefore be an eternal darkness. passim the play, the character Macbeth has longed for death, perhaps so that he can be unleashed from his worldly pain and guilt. He goes... ...arkness, pain, and insignificant. Works Cited and Consulted Biggins, Dennis. Light and Darkness in Macbeth. Shakespeare Studies VII (1975) Gilligan, Carol. caustic remark in Macbeth. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1982 Kinney, Arthur F. ed. William Shakpespeare the Tragedies. Boston Hall and Company, 1985. Noble, Adrian. At age 436, His Future is Unlimited. New York Times 23 Apr. 2000, late ed., sec. 25. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Elements of Literature. Sixth ed. Austin Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1997. William Shakespeare. BBC Homepage. Online. available . 26 Mar. 2004.

Food Production Essay -- essays research papers

Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere have discovered the solid food value of wild plants and animals, and domesticated and bred them. The most important crops argon cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn, and rye sugarcane and sugar beets meat animals such as sheep, cattle, goats, and pigs or swine poultry such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys animal products such as milk, cheese, and eggs and nuts and oils. Fruits, vegetables, and olives argon also major foods for people. Feed grains for animals include soybeans, field corn, and sorghum. know apart articles on individual plants and animals contain further information.Tillage operations that prepare the primer coat for planting and control weeds also expose bare nation to possible erosion by wind and water. Erosion removes fertile soil and contributes to problems of air and water pollution. Several techniques are used to combat erosion. Crop farmers are shifting toward reduced-tillag e techniques to prepare their seedbeds. Many keep a mulch cover of residues to shield their soil from wind and water erosion. Crop rotation and cover crops are also being increasingly used to hold soil in place between plantings. Still, many small-seeded crops require a finely worked, pulverized seedbed, and soil erosion cannot be completely eliminated.Fertilizers from both natural and manufactured sources can also contribute to water pollution. Soluble-nitrogen forms can leach into groundwater, and all fertilize...

What Foreign Aid Is Essay -- Politics Political Government Relations E

What impertinent Aid IsThere are two words that many politicians like to shy absent from, and thosetwo words are, orthogonal aid. Taking a firm stand on either side of this topicis usu on the wholey side stepped by close makers. Their opinions are usually basedon a case by case analysis. This extremely controversial topic involves whetheror not to support the constitution of contrasted aid to needy or approximatelytimes not so needycountries. What benefits does foreign aid have for the countries that receiveit, and does it have any benefits for the countries who select? Some may say thatinstead of spending money on foreign aid, money should be spent on domestic aid.Those who argue in favor of foreign aid say that it is an investment in thefuture of both countries that will eventually pay off. There is also another cipher to consider when discussing foreign aid what kind of foreign aid isbeing offered. There are three different types of foreign aid first, there is phalanx fore ign aid second, there is foreign aid for the advancementof business third, there is emergency foreign aid for food and medicine.Foreign aid to countries hindquarters help in many ways. It can be used as atool in bargaining. For instance a country that has just veritable foreign aidor is expecting to get their regular installment of foreign aid will be morelikely to listen to new ideas. Because some countries are so dependent on theirregular installments of foreign aid, they are willing to appease countries such(prenominal)as the U.S who are giving it. When looked at closely, foreign aid may beconsidered an elaborate system of legal bribery. This becomes evident whencountries do what they would normally not consider doing in order to continuereceiving foreign aid. The U.S supplies financial foreign aid to many differentcountries sometimes this foreign aid is in a form of a add. For example,recently the U.S. supplied Mexico with a loan in order to save the falling valueof the Peso. This loan was denigrated by much of the U.S. population becausemany people dont understand why the U.S. should care somewhat the falling value ofthe Mexican Peso. First of all, deflation of the Peso means a loss of jobs inMexico which would in turn send an influx of illeagal immigrants from Mexico tothe United States. In addition, Mexico is a large economy that importsAmerican goods. If the P... ...the relief workers and to distribute the goods. Soonit seemed that the US was not wanted in Somalia, and it seemed as if they werebiting the hand that feeds them. With such negative feelings about the UStroops staying in Somalia, an ethical decision had to be made. Do we helpthese starving people, or do we leave to hold dear ourselves. Somalia wassupposed to be a strictly humanitarian effort, but it turned out to be amilitary effort when the US had to fight against all sides.When every aspect of foreign aid is looked at, a decision about who isright or wrong by each individual on thei r own. Foreign aid is most likely anecessary evil for a superpower such as the United States. The US, just becauseof the sheer size and faculty of its economy and military might has to watchover the rest of the world in order to keep balance and peace around the world.When considered, it turns out to be that all the foreign aid combined is such asmall percentage of the United States GDP that we really have little to complainabout. I believe that foreign aid is blown out of proportion by the media. Itis hot topic that generates controversy and kicks up the ratings.

Biblical References in Pulp Fiction Essay -- Film Movie Quentin Tarant

Pulp FictionThroughout the movie Pulp Fiction, directed by Quentin Tarantino, there aremany hidden references to religion and the Bible. The movie starts off,introducing our two main characters, Vincent Vega and Jules Winnfield, as twocheap hitwork force in search of a software product belonging to their boss, Marcellus W tout ensembleace.The package is retrieved, and they then began their job of returning it to theirboss. Along the way, they ran into difficulties, such as Vegas so-calleddate with his boss wife, Mia, during which she overdosed on heroin, and Vegawas forced to take her to the drug dealers signboard to save her life, as well asthe robbers in the restaurant, who try to take the suitcase from Winnfield, butwere unsuccessful. The whole movie serves as a warning to all mankind to avoidthe temptations of the Devil, as well as a warning to not try to play God,because the two boys who stole the suitcase play the contribution of the Devil, as dothe drugs, and they were al most the downfall of the whole exploit. The movie wasted no time in introducing the first biblical referencewhen the two men try to retrieve the suitcase containing Wallaces belongings.When Vega opened the suitcase, he used the combination 666 to open thesuitcase, and when he opened it, the contents glowed a golden-orange color.This was obviously an introductory attempt to show the audience that thesuitcase held Marcellus soul. Perhaps Tarantino was trying to show that thepeople that stole the suitcase were the devils pawns, and these two hitmen wereangels trying to retrieve stolen property.After Vega and Winnfield had obtained their treasure, Winnfield quotedthe Bible, specifically Ezekiel 2517, the passage about destroying the evilmembers of the society that try to harm others for no reason. Part of thatpassage was ..and you will know my name is the Lord, when I lay my vengeanceupon thee. This quote shows that Winnfield sees what he is doing as heroic, ormaybe angelic, and by carrying out his duties, he is following the word of theLord. As Winnfield shot the boy, Brett, an orange-golden glow enveloped thescreen, representing Bretts soul passing his body. This whole part of themovie is to warn the evil-doers of the world to cease their wrongdoings, becausethere are people out there who will stop them. The next main scene of... ...od, sometimes what he does is not right,and he is trying to be the one that always does the right thing the shepherd.This is another reason why Jules is not killed off. He realized that he cannotplay God, and therefore he is forgiven. Vincent, however, never fully realizedthis, and he is punished at the end of the story by being killed by Butch. Although cleverly hidden, the signs of biblical inference and the powerof God are extremely prevalent in the film. Elements of the plot such as the acknowledgment of wrongdoing by Jules, the general feeling that the Wallaces aretrying to be all knowing and all powerful, the dru g dealer being the downfall aswell as the savior for Mia, and the way that Jules and Vincent try to controlothers lives and are punished for it all show us something. These signs show usthat we must do as we think we should, and not try to control anyone butyourself, because if you are busy trying to control others, you may not betending to yourself, sledding yourself wide open to manipulation by others likeyourself. If we mind our own business and take care of ourselves, the worldwould go a lot smoother, and realize many fewer conflicts.

Abortion Should Not be Banned :: Abortion Pro Choice Essays

The main paradox in the world is inevitable abortion. Because it is approximately morality which people tend pay more attention. Nowadays, Abortion is a controversial problem as people think of appropriateness. However, Abortion is necessary in many cases. Three main reasons why abortion should be banned are condition that women are non pregnancy, health problem in mformer(a), and kind problem.First, the pregnancy without readiness because the teenagers has sexual relation premature because nowadays it has communication is easy and comfortable. It make teenagers can getting to know it easier and sometime the women it may be deceptive in a way that is not good, for example indecent, fraudulent. Especially the pregnancy has not ready is in school because the women may be problem in social is drop out of school (Growing up global, 2005 p.540) Because of poor academic and the lack opportunities in economic not only economic solely also is good occupations and social is good the child ren of mother puzzle not finish it becomes problem side working, such as cheap labor in the factory. Perhaps someone is pregnant in school have an abortion in the school it help open opportunity for continue to study for the future. Sometime, conserve and wife the protection of sexual relation has failed from process condom for example using low quality materials. The causes of the family it reason why want to abortion because not ready take care a baby is born.Secondly, The health of the mother, body of physical disorders of the body. The major reason that abortion should not be banned is for preventing transmittance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) from mother to infant during pregnancy reduce maternal morbidity and mortality (Rudolph Gurtovnik, 2008, p.28) it is the puffy problem that the government has to solve and spent a lot of budget to treat all of these people. Some women feel that they have not the economic resources to take care a HIV ch ild. A HIV status may also the cause women to reject their pregnancy. Some women need to restrict their incomes for accessing on a meditation and treatment to family members HIV infection. On the other hands, a pregnancy woman also has a negative impact to her health HIV women access abortion because they intentionally choose not to have a child and also fear that their pregnancy would lead to both mother and child poor health and death.Finally, the main clause a big problem of social problem is the accident situation has effect when the women are raped.

Abortion Should Not be Banned :: Abortion Pro Choice Essays

The main problem in the world is inevitable miscarriage. Because it is about morality which people tend pay more attention. Nowadays, Abortion is a controversial problem as people think of appropriateness. However, Abortion is necessary in many cases. Three main reasons why abortion should be ban be condition that women are non pregnancy, health problem in mother, and social problem.First, the pregnancy without readiness because the teenagers has sexual relation premature because nowadays it has talk is easy and comfortable. It make teenagers can getting to know it easier and sometime the women it may be deceptive in a way that is not good, for lawsuit indecent, fraudulent. oddly the pregnancy has not ready is in school because the women may be problem in social is drop out of school (Growing up global, 2005 p.540) Because of brusk academic and the lack opportunities in economic not only economic but also is good occupations and social is good the children of mother hit not f inish it becomes problem side working, such as cheap labor in the factory. Perhaps someone is pregnant in school have an abortion in the school it help open opportunity for continue to study for the future. Sometime, husband and wife the protection of sexual relation has failed from process condom for example using low quality materials. The causes of the family it reason why want to abortion because not ready take care a baby is born.Secondly, The health of the mother, ashes of physical disorders of the body. The major reason that abortion should not be banned is for preventing transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from mother to infant during pregnancy reduce agnatic morbidity and mortality (Rudolph Gurtovnik, 2008, p.28) it is the big problem that the government has to solve and spent a lot of budget to treat all of these people. Some women feel that they have not the economic resources to take care a HIV child. A HIV status may also the cause women to reject thei r pregnancy. Some women enquire to restrict their incomes for accessing on a meditation and treatment to family members HIV infection. On the other hands, a pregnancy woman also has a negative fix to her health HIV women access abortion because they intentionally choose not to have a child and also fear that their pregnancy would lead to twain mother and child poor health and death.Finally, the main clause a big problem of social problem is the accident situation has effect when the women are raped.

Customer Satisfaction Towards E-Banking Services: a Case Study on Ific Bank Ltd.

Prelude In a constantly changing world of today, where past is replaced by dynamic present and the dynamic present is beingness replaced by more ch in entirelyenging future, the old ways of doing things is no longer valid. Change is permanent and a reality. Those who be non able to keep back step with the changes be destined to loose the race. Science and engineering science is changing the way financial institutions perform their movements. Todays rims be shaking by these scientific changes. Life has never been so easy, comfortable, and luxurious. Science and technology feed brought our life to this stage.But a new technology brings with it not only the potential for supremacy but in any case a never-ending series of questions regarding its design, its value to its utilisationrs, net usage and acceptability. E- displaceting is the waves of the future. It succeeds enormous make headways to consumers in terms of case and make up of transactions, either finished cyberspace, sound or new(prenominal) electronic deli really sways. For m alone consumers, electronic banking means 24-hours access to interchange through an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) or Direct Deposit of pay term of enlistments into checking or savings bank bills.But electronic banking instantly involves many different types of transactions. E-banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through an r all(prenominal)y of electronic signals between financial institution, preferably than exchange of hard currency, cheeks or other negotiable instruments. With the expansion of global Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and the internet, e-banking is organize to play a pivotal role in the depicted object economy, proper software, infrastructure, cyber low and sure-handed manpower are essential for the implementation of e-banking in a body politic.The concept of e-banking includes all types of banking activities performed through el ectronic meshs. E-banking includes activities like payment of bills and invoices, transfer of funds between visors, applying for a bestow, payment of loan installments, sending funds to third base parties via emails or internet connections regardless(prenominal) of where the client is located. Since e-banking offers some smart run benefiting both banks and guests compared with traditional banking system, it has become imperative to make necessary room for the schedule banks to flourish e- banking.Since e-banking offers some smart operate benefiting both banks and customers compared with traditional banking system, it has become imperative to make necessary room for the scheduled banks to flourish e-banking. Among others, attractiveness of e-banking includes ? it lowers transaction cost ? provide 24-hour work ? ensure incrementd security and control e actuallyplace transactions ? reduces fraud risk ? performs higher volume of transactions with less judgment of conviction ? increases number and volume of value payment through banks ? llows remote transactions facilities that replace physical presence of a customer in a bank pegleg and ? increases transaction speed and accuracy. On the other hand, traditional banking is time-consuming and more costly and therefore, e-banking is replacing traditional banking all over the world. oddly with the increasing acceptability of digital signatures around the world, e-banking has made life much easier and banking much faster and more pleasant, for customers as well as for bankers. Problem averment Customer satisfaction is required for the banking vault of heaven to raise profitability, business growth and success.Customer perception is very signifi passelfult to add value of the banking serve and products. E-banking is the waves of the future. It tail assembly provide speedier, faster, reliable function to the customers for which they are relatively happy. It provides enormous benefits to consumers in t erms of case and cost of transactions, either through internet, teleph unmatchable or other electronic delivery channels. A new technology brings with it not only the potential for success, but also a never-ending series of questions regarding its design, its value to the user, its ultimate use and acceptability.Although there has been signifi masst effort made to eliminate paper-based payment transactions, the basic way of intervention payments by consumers has not changed. The study has been down the stairstaken to evaluate the reply of the customers towards the e-banking services. investigate Objectives E-banking services provide smart replacement of traditional banking services and benefit both the bankers and the customers. But in Bangladesh, repayable to presence of some constrains, e-banking is not flourishing as it should do.The main objective of this research study is to find out the reaction of the customers towards the e-banking services. In this context, the specifi c objectives would be to observe ? The types of e-banking facilities a bank, in this case IFIC fix Ltd. , offers to its customers ? The factors that satisfy the customers in receiving e-banking facilities offered by the bank ? The constraints the customers face in adopting e-banking facilities ? The confrontations and recommendations of the customers towards e-banking services. Literature Review A. E-Banking in BangladeshIn Bangladesh, e-banking facilities are yet to be fully developed although some technology driven products and services have been in operation over the last few years. The existing technology driven products and services offered by the traditional banks are ATM services, debit entry placard and credit entry card, transactions through POS terminals, inter- perplex-go online transactions through individualized online closed network of individual bank, specifyed customer services provided through internet and membership of SWIFT allowing scheduled banks to co nduct wireless transactions especially e-transactions. all in all these technology based products and services have obviously unlocked the way to step toward e-banking. Moreover, as a part of modernizing national payment and settlement system, Bangladesh Automated clarification House (BACH) that includes Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (BACPS), and Bangladesh Electronic Fund Transfer Network (BEFTN), is being implemented under the Remittance and Payments Partnership (RPP) figure of the Bangladesh Bank funded by DFID-UK is expected to speed up the adoption of e-banking as well. E-banking at per international standard is yet to develop in Bangladesh.At present, some(prenominal) private mer back endtile banks (PCBs) and foreign commercial banks (FCBs) offer limited services of telebanking, internet banking, and online banking facilities working at heart the pegleges of individual bank in a closed network environment. As a part of stepping towards e-banking, the FCBs have played the groundbreakering role with adoption of modern technology in retail banking during the early 1990s whereas the state-owned commercial banks (SCBs) and PCBs came forward with such services in a limited scale during the late 1990s.Moreover, the banking industry as a whole, except for the four specialise banks (SBs), speed to offer technology based banking services during the middle of the real decade. Online Banking Transactions in online banking are performed within closed network for which the customer use specialized software provided by the various(prenominal) bank. International standard online banking facilities are expanding in Bangladesh.At present, 29 scheduled banks offer any branch banking facilities through their several(prenominal) bank online network that provides facilities like transaction through any branch under the respective bank online network payment against pay order or pay order encashment, pack draft encashment, opening or redemption of F DR from any branch of the same bank remote fund transfer, cash insularism, cash deposit, account statement, clearing and balance enquiry within branches of the same bank and L/C opening, loan repayment facility to and from any branch of respective bank under its own online network.Inter-bank transactions or transaction between inter bank branches are yet to expand. chthonian the modernization program of the discipline Payment and Settlement System, Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (which includes Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System and Bangladesh Electronic Fund Transfer Network) came into effect from September 2009 followed by implementation of online banking at per international standard in dependable future. net profit Banking Internet banking refers to the use of internet as a remote delivery channel for banking services which permits the customer to conduct transactions from any terminal with access to the internet. It is the WWW through which banks can reach t heir customers directly with no intermediaries. Internet banking in true sense is still absent in Bangladesh. sole(prenominal) 7 out of 47 banks are providing some banking services via internet that include account balance enquiry, fund transfer among accounts of the same customer, opening or modifying term deposit account, cheque book or pay order request, exchange crop or interest rate enquiry, bills payment, account summary, account details, account activity, standing instructions, loan repayment, loan information, statement request, ,cheque status enquiry, stop payment cheque, refill pay card, password change, L/C application, bank guarantee application, lost card (debit/credit) reporting, pay credit card dues, view credit card statement, or check balance. The core banking activities like fund transfer to third party, cross border transactions and so on are still uncovered by internet banking offered by the scheduled banks in Bangladesh. Mobile Banking Mobile banking (also kno wn as M-banking or SMS banking) is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments and so on via a mobile device such as a mobile phone. Mobile banking is most often performed via SMS or the Mobile Internet but can also use special programs called clients downloaded to the mobile device.The standard package of activities that mobile banking covers are mini-statements and checking of account history alerts on account activity or red of set thresholds monitoring of term deposits access to loan statements access to card statements mutual funds/equity statements insurance policy management pension scheme management status on cheque, stop payment on cheque ordering check books balance checking in the account recent transactions due regard of payment (functionality for stop, change and deleting of payments) PIN provision, change of PIN and reminder over the internet blocking of (lost/stolen) cards domestic and international fund transfers micro-payment handli ng mobile recharging commercial payment processing bill payment processing peer to peer payments drug echoal at banking agent and deposit at banking agent. despite huge prospects, only a few banks adopted mobile banking in Bangladesh during the last year. Tele Banking Tele banking refers to the services provided through phone that requires the customers to dial a particular telephone number to have access to an account which provides several options of services.Despite huge potential, telebanking services have not been childlikened enough in daily banking activities in Bangladesh. Only four banks so far provide a few options of telebanking services such as detail account information, balance inquiry, information about products or services, ATM card activation, cheque book related service, bills payment, credit card service and so on. Funds transfer between current, savings and credit card account, stock exchange transactions etc are still inaccessible through telebanking in Bangl adesh. B. Prospects of e-Banking in Bangladesh E-banking is now a global phenomenon. Apart from the developed countries, the growth countries are experiencing strong growth in e-banking.The governments emphasis on building a digital Bangladesh, view up ICT park, raising assignation for developing ICT infrastructure, waiving taxes on computer peripherals and other measures including the automation program of banking sector led by the Bangladesh Bank and competition among the scheduled banks in improving customer services have accelerated the prospects of e-banking in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank is implementing the RPP externalise for modernizing national payment and settlement system. The BACH including BACPS and BEFTN has started functioning from September 2009 followed by the development of inter-bank online network. The bulge plans to go for real time gross settlement (RTGS) by 2012. It has been made mandatory for all head offices of the scheduled banks to be connected with B angladesh Bank for refreshing BACH and BEFTN.These efforts would allow the scheduled banks to be connected to each other for conducting inter-bank online transactions in near future and this would smoothen the introduction of e-banking in Bangladesh. Internet services came to Bangladesh with connectivity in 1996. Digital telephone exchanges have been established in 389 upazilas and 17 growth centres. Work is underway to cover the rest of the upazilas under digital exchange system. Meanwhile, Bangladesh has joined the information super-highway by connecting itself with international submarine cable system in 2006. A total of 159 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have now been connected with this system of which 64 are actively providing services. Internet connection is slow with bandwidth range 32 kbps to 56 kbps for dial up and 64 kbps to 8 mbps for broadband.The establishment of internet exchange is under implementation. Encryption laws to accept electronic authentication of trans actions has been enacted in 2006 and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has been licitized. Under this scenario, as a part of government decision of building digital Bangladesh, the existing capabilities of ICT sector is likely to increase rapidly in bringing all upazilas under internet services and this volition contribute in widening the scope of e-banking passim the country. Although all branches of FCBs and 99% branches of PCBs were computerized by December 2006, the average for all bank branches was 37% since only 4% and 16% of SBs and SCBs respectively were computerized.Out of a total of 6,565 branches in 2006, 2,426 were computerized of which 651 branches of 22 PCBs and 7 FCBs together were providing any-branch-banking facility under respective bank online network. During the period, the number of ATM booths and POS terminals stood at 478 and 4,647 respectively covering important merchant outlets in six divisional cities and some other important district towns in Banglade sh while 43 banks became the member of SWIFT and 25 banks adopted router connection. Since about 50% of total bank branches belong to SCBs spread throughout the country including the rural areas, ICT penetration is crucial for this category of banks. The recent corporatization of the NCBs, would influence the banks in this category to be competitive through improving their service tint incorporating the use of modern technology.Although all these are positive developments, more attention is needed to enhance ICT capabilities of the banking system especially the SCBs for successful implementation of e-banking all over the country. Although e-banking has bright prospects, it involves some financial risks as well. The major risk of e-banking includes operational risks (e. g. security risks, system design, implementation and maintenance risks) customer misuse of products and services risks legal risks (e. g. without proper legal support, money laundering may be influenced) strategic r isks reputation risks (e. g. in case the bank fails to provide restore and trouble dispatch e-banking services, this get out cause reputation risk) credit risks market risks and liquidity risks.Therefore, identification of relevant risks, and formulation and implementation of proper risk mitigation policies and strategies are important for the scheduled banks while performing e-banking. In Bangladesh, despite huge demand from the business community as well as the retail customers particularly the urban customers, the expansion of e-banking is beset with several infrastructural, institutional, and regulatory constraints such as unavailability of a backbone network connecting the whole country inadequacy of reliable and secure information infrastructure especially telecommunication infrastructure sluggish ICT penetration in banking sector insufficient legal and regulatory support for adopting e-banking and so on.In Bangladesh, telephone connectivity is inadequate, cost of PCs are s till beyond purchasing capacity of most people, internet connection is costly, IT literacy is yet to reach satisfactory level, banking sector lacks skilled IT personnel, and huge investment requirement for establishing technology based banking services are prime drawbacks. Despite the constraints, efforts by the Bangladesh Bank in modernizing the countrys payment system and loading by the government in building Digital Bangladesh have brought competition among the scheduled banks to improve banking services and rapidly adopt e-banking on a wider scale. Research DesignSince the research is conducted to find out the factors that satisfy the customers towards e-banking, the constraints they face in adopting e-banking facilities and their expectations and recommendations towards e-banking, the research is particularly suited as an exploratory research. Data Collection Methods For the lie withment of the study both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data have been sta ck away from the customers through sense interview with the help of a questionnaire, which is attached with this report in Appendix I. In case of secondary data, the data has been collected from the websites, brochures, annual reports, and manuals of IFIC Bank Ltd. Sample DesignThe target world for the study was all the customers of IFIC Bank Ltd. who receive e-banking services from the bank. Elephant Road Branch of IFIC Bank Ltd. is selected as the sample unit. All the customers of the branch who have used e-banking services constituted the sampling frame. A sample sizing of 30 customers has been selected. The sample was selected exploitation convenience sampling. Analysis Qualitative analysis of the facts found through reconditeness interview of the customers and secondary data collected through other sources is done throughout the research. This qualitative analysis is totally a judgmental analysis of the researcher. Here, no quantitative analysis is done.To find out the rea ctions of the customers towards e-banking services it is essay to find out whether the customers use the e-banking services frequently people of which occupation use the service frequently if the customers are comfortable with using the e-banking services or not if they are slaked what factors make them satisfied if the customers are facing constraints, what type of constraints they are facing what the customers suggest to diversify away those constraints and lastly what the customers expect more from the bank regarding e-banking services. Overview of IFIC Bank Ltd. International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank expressage (IFIC Bank) is a banking company incorporated in the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh with limited liability. It was set up at the instance of the Government in 1976 as a articulatio venture between the Government of Bangladesh and sponsors in the private sector with the objective of working as a finance company within the country and setting up joint venture banks/financial institutions abroad. The Government held 49 per cent shares and the rest 51 per cent were held by the sponsors and general public.In 1983 when the Government allowed banks in the private sector, IFIC was converted into a full-fledged commercial bank. The Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh now holds 35% of the share capital of the Bank. Leading industrialists of the country having vast experience in the field of trade and commerce own 34% of the share capital and the rest is held by the general public. The Banks mission is to provide service to the clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge make its position alone(p) in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals.The bank is committed to the welfare and economic prosperity of the people and the community, for it drives from them the inspiration and drive for onward go up to prosperity. The bank wants to be th e leader among banks in Bangladesh and make indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. In an intensely competitive and complex financial and business environment, we particularly focus on growth and profitability of all concerned. Milestones in the development of IFIC confide 1976 Established as an Investment & Finance Company under arrangement of joint venture with the govt. of Bangladesh. 1980 Commenced operation in Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. 1982 Obtained permission from the Govt. to operate as a commercial bank. Set up a its freshman overseas joint venture (Bank of Maldives Limited) in the Republic of Maldives (IFICs share in Bank of Maldives Limited was subsequently sold to Maldives Govt. in 1992) 1983 Commenced operation as a full-fledged commercial bank in Bangladesh. 1985 Set up a joint venture Exchange Company in the Sultanate of Oman, titled Oman Bangladesh Exchange Company (subsequently ren amed as Oman International Exchange, LLC). 1987 Set up its first overseas branch in Pakistan at Karachi. 1993 Set up its second overseas branch in Pakistan at Lahore. 1994 Set up its first joint venture in Nepal for banking operation, titled Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd. 1999 Set up its 2nd joint venture in Nepal for lease financing, titled Nepal Bangladesh Finance & leasing Co. Ltd. which was merge with NBBL in 2007 2003 Overseas Branches in Pakistan amalgamated with NDLC, to establish a joint venture bank NDLC-IFIC Bank Ltd. , subsequently renamed as NIB Bank Ltd. 2005 Acquired MISYS ascendent for real time on-line banking application. Core Risk Management implemented. 2006 Corporate Branding introduced. Visa Principal and Plus (Issuer and Require) Program Participant Membership obtained. 2008 discover 25th Anniversary of Customer Satisfaction. 2009 64 Branches offering Real Time On-line banking facility. Services Offered by IFIC Bank Ltd. Corporate Banking IFIC B ank is providing a wide range of financial services, offering specialist advice and products to corporate clients to meet diverse demands of changing market scenario. Products and services for commercial and business customers include Working cap Finance, Project Finance, Term Finance, Trade Finance, Lease Finance, Syndication Loan etc. Retail BankingRetail Banking is mass-banking facility for individual customers to avail banking services directly from the wide branch network all over the country. The bank provides one-stop financial services to all individual customers through its innovative products & services to cater their need. With a view to provide faster and more convenient centralized online banking services, now, all its branches have been brought under the real time online banking system. IFIC Bank offers a wide variety of deposit products, loan product & value added services to suit the customers banking requirements. Products and services for individual customer inclu de Consumer Finance, Deposit Product, Card, NRB Account, Student File, SMS Banking etc. SME BankingThe growth of modest and Medium enterprises (SMEs) in terms of size and number has multiple effects on the national economy, specifically on employment generation, GDP growth, and poverty ease in Bangladesh. At present, Small & Medium Enterprise sector is playing a vital role in creation of new generation entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurs Culture in the country. Experience shows that borrowers of small enterprise sector prefers collateral free loan since normally they cannot offer high value security to cover the exposure. To facilitate SME sector of the country, IFIC Bank provides collateral free credit facilities to the small & specialty entrepreneurs across the country whose access to traditional credit facilities are very limited.The bank is offering 15 different products for selected target groups, such as Easy Commercial Loan, Retailers Loan, Muldhan Loan, Women Entrepreneurs L oan (Protyasha), Transport Loan, Working Capital Loan, Project Loan, letter of Contractors Loan, Bidders Loan, Working Capital Loan, Project Loan, Letter of Guarantee, Letter of Credit Loan against Imported Merchandize (LIM), Loan against Trust Receipt etc. E-Banking Services Offered by IFIC Bank Ltd. Since the beginning of its journey as a commercial bank in 1983, IFIC Bank has been giving great emphasis on the adoption of modern technology. It became the pioneer in the field of automation by introducing computerized branch banking right in the same year.Subsequently, all the branches were brought under similar automated platforms with upgraded software applications to offer all the critical banking features. At present all 82 domestic branches are fully computerized under networked environment. The Bank has taken up a new project with Misys International Banking System Inc. (UK) to further upgrade its banking operation to state-of-art world class on-line banking solutions to provi de faster and even more convenient centralized services to the clients. Besides, the Bank is also operating fully on-line Automated Teller Machine (ATM) services under the banner Q-Cash at a number of locations in Dhaka and Chittagong. The ATM facilities are available to the customers at Q-Cash booth. At present, there are five ATM booths of the bank. IFIC Bank Ltd. or achieving customer satisfaction and for surviving in this competitive market has concentrated on offering different types of e-banking services to its customers. Different e-banking services offered by the bank are fully online branch banking facilities, credit card, debit card, prepaid card, SMS banking facilities etc. IFIC Credit Card IFIC Bank endorse Credit Cards are issued in two types namely specie and Classic for both local and international use. The Local Cards can be used at any ATM displaying VISA Logo for withdrawal of cash and at any POS displaying VISA Logo for purchase of goods & services within Bangl adesh whereas the International Cards can be used at any ATM and POS displaying VISA logo anywhere in the world.International credit card is a dual currency card and as such one can use the same plastic at home & abroad. Classic cards are for lower limits and less costly. IFIC credit cardholders can make happy 20 to 50 days interest free period depending on the date of transaction and the date of statement generation. Interest free period will not be allowed for cash advance. The customers can repay any amount not less than the minimum payment due within the due date and keep account regular to enjoy revolving credit facility. Customers can enjoy credit facility at lower interest rate of 2% per month. Customers can enjoy cash withdrawal facility up to 60% of the credit limit through ATMs.One can enjoy up to 100% of your credit limit through Bank POS from any branch of IFIC Bank Limited. First two supplementary cards are free. Customers can select any two from their near & dear pers ons and give them supplementary credit cards. They can also enjoy and share their credit limit. They can also allow specific limits for them within their credit limit. No interest will be calculated on the amount other than cash advance if the total billing amount is paid within the payment due date. In case of part payment or no payment, interest 2% per month will be applied from the date of transaction on daily product basis until the outstanding balance is fully paid.IFIC Debit Card IFIC Bank VISA Debit Card can be used at any ATM displaying VISA Logo for withdrawal of cash and at any POS displaying VISA Logo for purchase of goods & services within Bangladesh. ATM transactions are to be secured by Personal Identification Number (PIN) known by the concerned customer only. POS transactions will not require PIN. However, all the transactions are to be authorized by the system electronically. IFIC debit card is issued against any individual savings/ current account maintained with an y branch of IFIC Bank Limited. The designated savings/current account can be operated by using the debit card without using cheques any time.The customers are not required to pay any charge for transactions at Merchant Point of Sale (POS) for purchasing goods and services. For cash withdrawal from ATM/Branches, a little charge may be applied. No interest will be calculated on cash withdrawal or purchases. No minimum amount due and no hassle of payment of monthly bills. IFIC Prepaid Card IFIC Bank VISA Prepaid Card can be used at any ATM displaying VISA Logo for withdrawal of cash and at any POS displaying VISA Logo for purchase of goods & services within Bangladesh. ATM transactions are to be secured by Personal Identification Number (PIN) known by the concerned customer only. POS transactions will not require PIN. However, all the transactions are to be authorized by the system electronically.Prepaid card is safer than carrying cash and more convenient than indite cheques. IFIC Pr epaid card is issued by the branches instantly on filling-up the Application Form and making initial deposit. There is no need to have any account with the Bank. Prepaid card are suitable for the customers who does not maintain any account with IFIC. No interest will be calculated on cash withdrawal or purchases. No minimum amount due and no hassle of payment of monthly bills. Bank POS are available at all the branches of the Bank. Any IFIC Card Holder can withdraw cash from any branch of IFIC Bank Ltd. through Bank POS. Credit Card Holders can withdraw cash up to 100% of their credit limit. SMS Banking IFIC Bank Ltd. atered the demand of time in the era of modern banking technology through SMS Banking Service. It is indeed a fast, secure, convenient, efficient and quickest way of banking. The service is available round the clock seven days a week. Customers can check their balance, account information, or even get your mini account statements through IFIC SMS Banking Service by us ing their mobile phones. Services available by SMS banking are as follows Account Service ? eternal sleep Enquiry ? Mini Statement Request (Last 5 Transactions) ? Foreign exchange aim enquiry ? Fixed Deposit Rate enquiry ? Interest Rate enquiry ? Branch Location enquiry ? PIN Change ? Bank Product Information ? Greetings Loan Installment Notification (overdue) ? Any other knead Card Services ? Current Outstanding Balance ? Mini Statement Request ( Last 5 Transactions) ? Minimum Payment due(p) ? Payment Due Date ? Payment Due Alert ? Transaction Notification Analysis The concept of e-banking includes all types of banking activities performed through electronic networks. In Bangladesh, despite huge demand e-banking is not flourishing as it should do. On the other hand, customer satisfaction is required for the banking sector to raise profitability, business growth and success. Customer perception is very important to add value of the banking services and products.Through this stud y it is tried to find out whether the customers are appreciating the e-banking services offered to them or not factors that satisfy them in receiving e-banking services from banks the constraints they face regarding this matter and what they expect from the banks regarding e-banking services. For conducting the research, data from both primary and secondary sources are collected. Primary data are collected by doing depth interview of the customers with the help of a questionnaire, which is given in the Appendix I. This research study is based on the case study on IFIC Bank Ltd. The sampling unit is the Elephant Road branch of the bank and 30 regular customers of the branch are used as sample for conducting the research.To find out the reactions of the customers towards e-banking services it is tried to find out whether the customers use the e-banking services frequently people of which occupation use the service frequently if the customers are comfortable with using the e-banking se rvices or not if they are satisfied what factors make them satisfied if the customers are facing constraints, what type of constraints they are facing what the customers suggest to diversify away those constraints and lastly what the customers expect more from the bank regarding e-banking services. The research is an explorative research. That is why only qualitative research has been done on the facts found through depth interview and on the basis of secondary data collected. Nature of Respondents The research is conducted based on the opinion of 30 regular customers of IFIC bank Ltd. , Elephant Road branch. Of the respondents 4 customers are businessman, 15 are service holders, 4 are students, 5 are housewives, 1 is teacher and 1 is a retired banker. Among the respondents, 11 respondents are female and the rest of them are male. Types of E-banking Services Used by the RespondentsIFIC Bank mainly provides 5 kinds of e-banking services, namely, online transaction, debit card, credit card, prepaid card, SMS banking service. Other than these ATM booths and POS terminals of the bank or other ones having VISA logo provides e-banking services to the customers. Among the respondents, all of them use online transactions 23 customers use debit cards 10 customers use credit cards 11 customers use SMS banking facilities. Among the customers no one uses prepaid card service. Frequency of Usage of E-banking Services by the Respondents Among the respondents, 9 customers use e-banking services highly frequently 13 of them use with medium frequency and 8 of them use with low frequency. Businessmen and some of the service holders use e-banking services highly frequently.Some service holders and students use with medium frequency and lastly rest of the service holders and housewives, generally, use with low frequency. Factors Satisfied the Customers regarding E-banking Services IFIC Bank has started offering e-banking services to its customers only recently, which is not more than 2 years. So the customers, who do regular transactions in the bank, are very satisfied with the type of e-banking services they are receiving from the bank. All the customers of the bank can enjoy online banking facilities. Even two years before there was branch banking system. So, the customers had to go to branch to branch for their transaction making purposes.But now, with the introduction of online banking, they can do their transactions from any branch in Bangladesh without any encumbrance. Recently, all the 82 branches of the bank are providing online banking services to the customers. So, the customers are feeling it convenient to uses e-banking services. Usage of debit and credit cards has made customers life easy. People do not have to go to branches to withdraw money. Rather they can use the ATM booths of the bank or other ones showing VISA logo and withdraw money. They can also check their account balances and get mini statements of their accounts using ATM booth. Cu stomers can use POS terminals showing VISA logo to purchase goods and services and pay bills. SMS banking also has made customers life easy.They can use their mobile phones for balance checking, get any kind of relevant enquiries or for making relevant requests. So, the customers are feeling it is easy to use e-banking services as it saves a lot of time and cost. Some customers feel it is safe to use e-banking facilities. A lots of paperwork and manual work has been eliminated with the introduction of e-banking services, which reduces the chance of errors. According to above analysis, it is found that the factors for which customers are satisfied with e-banking service are convenience, availability of quick services, easy services and safety. Constraints Faced by the Customers Many of the respondents have said that they are facing constraints using e-banking services offered by IFIC bank.Some customers say that they cannot depend on the e-banking services, like debit cards, credit cards. They have the business organisation of security. They have some misconceptions regarding these services. They say that, it would be easier for others to do fraudulent activities with their accounts or cards if they use them. For this reason, some customers do not use these services although they bear the cards. Some customers have lack of awareness regarding the benefit of e-banking services. They are not aware of safety, easiness and benefit of using e-banking services. Some customers have lack of dependency on e-banking services. They rather feel it safe to do TT rather than doing online transactions.They do not generalize the speediness of using e-banking services and like traditional and manual work. Some customers find it costly using e-banking services. comprise of using debit cards and credit cards are very high according to them. Again, the bank has only 5 ATM booths of its own and POS terminals are available only in the branches, which does not bear duplicate cos t, but they are only few in number. Other organizations ATM booths and POS terminals cost extra charges which the customers do not like to bear. According to above discussion, it is found that the constraints the customers face are fear of security, lack of awareness, lack of dependency, and cost.Expectations and Recommendations of the Customers Regarding E-banking Services According to the customers, the expectations from the bank and recommendations for the bank are as follows ? The bank should install more ATM booths of its own to different locations to make it available, easy, convenient and less costly for the customers to use the facilities. ? The bank should have some programs to create awareness and increase dependency about the products they offer to customers. The bank can distribute brochures, leaflets to its customers informing them about advantages of using the services. The bank can also send letters to the customers informing about the products.Some customers have req uested that it would be better if the letters are sent in Bangla rather than in English. ? As some customers think that using e-banking services are costly for them, the bank may reduce the cost of these services or may give some discounts. ? The bank should concentrate more on the safety of the services. ? The bank should do more advertisement about their products. Some customers are not even aware about the SMS banking service and the prepaid card service is offered by the bank. ? The bankers should be more helpful in making the customers aware and understand about the new e-banking services offered by the bank. ConclusionCustomer satisfaction is required for the banking sector to raise profitability, business growth and success. Customer perception is very important to add value of the banking services and products. E-banking is the waves of the future. It can provide speedier, faster, reliable services to the customers for which they are relatively happy. It provides enormous be nefits to consumers in terms of case and cost of transactions, either through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery channels. A new technology brings with it not only the potential for success, but also a never-ending series of questions regarding its design, its value to the user, its ultimate use and acceptability.The research has been undertaken to evaluate the reaction of the customers towards the e-banking services. The research was an exploratory research. Qualitative analysis of the data collected from both primary and secondary sources are done. Primary data was collected by doing depth interview of the customers of Elephant Road branch IFIC Bank Ltd. Sample size was 30. According to the analysis the factors for which make customers satisfied with e-banking service are convenience, availability of quick services, easy services and safety. The constraints the customers face from receiving e-banking services from the bank are fear of security, lack of awareness, lac k of dependency, and high cost.The customers expect that the bank should be more careful and concentrate on informing the information about the newly launched products to its customers to increase awareness and dependency on those products. The bank should make the services more convenient to the customers. And it should also take care of the security matters of the customers. Target Population All the customers of IFIC Bank Ltd. who use e-banking services offered by the bank Sampling Unit Elephant Road branch of IFIC Bank ltd. Sampling Frame Name of all the customers of the branch who have used e-banking services Sample Size 30 Sampling Technique Convenience Sampling Exhibit 1 Sample Design

Tisis

The researchers investigated only on the comparison between Zamias and Dolan as to which is the better decontrolling agent. This study concentrated only on the use of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus erasures which is a thousand negative and a gram- positive degree bacteria respectively. Significance of the Study This study leave alone be conducted to determine the Overran blimp (zamias) and Citrus uranium Lain. (Dolan) acidity to be used as an alternative decolonise in gramme Staining. In the world of Medical Technology, practice of repairing smears on a slide is a variance of it.The ethanol-alcohol mixture is commonly used as decolonize, notwithstanding there is a necessary need for finding an alternative decolonize. The need for finding an alternative decolonize entrust be more environmental friendly. This project is aimed to produce a natural blot decolonize for plant and animal tissues that is inexpensive and whose sources are indigenous, spacious and more efficient way in finding a natural substance that will match the components in the alcohol. Setting of the study The study will be conducted in Centre Escalator University located in Medical, Manila.Centre Escalator University is a private, non-sectarian higher education institution with an enrolment of over 20,000 students in its trio campuses Manila, Magmata, and Mal commencements. Centre Escalator University was founded on June 3, 1 907 by Library Availing and Carmen De Ulna and was originally called Centre Escalator De Senoritas. The research will be conducted at centenary Research Laboratory at Conception Caligula Hall and Generous De Leon Science Center at Centre Escalator University. Conceptual framework The Gram stain is the most important and universally used staining technique in the bacteriology laboratory (S.W. Joseph, et. L. 2000). In relation to the study, the researchers decided to make an alternative decolonize for Gram staining with the use of the fruit extract of Zamias an d Dolan which is commonly found in the Philippines. The process will include the extraction procedure using a reamer to obtain the extract. The fruit extract of Zamias and Dolan will undergo photochemical property screening. The Gram staining procedure will entail the use of Staphylococcus erasures and Escherichia coli that will serve as test organisms to test the effectiveness of Zamias and Dolan as a decolonize.Definition of terms Antibacterial. Useful in curing or preventing the action of harmful bacteria. Ascorbic acid. Vitamin C that is present in citrus fruits and synthetically manufactured fruits. Decentralization. The process of removing stains or coloring agents. Escherichia coli. Bacterium found in human intestine. Gram staining. It is the procedure in microbiological used to differentiate between gram positive organisms and gram negative organisms. Osmotic pressure. It is the pressure required to prevent the passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration of solute.Oxalic acid. Used for bleaching or as a clearing agent. Pedagogical. Polymer that is composed of polysaccharide and peptide chains found in bacterial cell wall. Phylogeny. It is the evolutionary origin and development of a particular group of organism. Photochemical property. Property or chemical components relating to plants. Smear. A preparation of substance for microscopical examination. Staphylococcus erasures Species of non-motile bacteria living on peel and mucous membrane. Sapiens. Any of several naturally occurring water soluble glycoside, able to form a ladder. Susceptible.It is the add-on likelihood of being affected by, a physical or mental disease or disorder. CHAPTER 2 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS Overran blimp (Zamias) belongs to the genus Overran, family Oxidative (Babushka et al. , 2013). Other construct of Overran bimbo include Creole bumbling plum, billion English blimp, cucumber tree, tree sorrel Filipino zamias French blimp, billion coralberry blimp. Zamias is a small tree, outgrowth 5 to 12 meters high with a short trunk dividing into a number of upright branches. Leaves are pinnate, 20 to 60 centimeters long, with hairy archaic and leaflets.Leaflets are opposite, 10 to 70 pairs, oblong, 5 to 10 centimeters in length. Panicle growing from the trunk and larger branches are hairy, 15 centimeters long or less. Flowers are about 1. 5 centimeters long, and slightly fragrant. It bears flowers which are small, fragrant, 5-pedaled, yellowish-green or purple marked with dark purple. Fruit is green and edible, about 4 centimeters long, subliminally, or with 5 obscure, board, rounded, longitudinal lobes (Bras, 2001). The outer skin is glossy, very(prenominal) thin, soft and tender and the flesh is green, jelly-like, juicy and extremely acidic.Young fruits are green in color which turns yellowish as they ripe (Roar et al. , 2009). The blimp is a native of the Mollusks and cultivated throughout Indonesia and semi-wild e very. here in the Philippines and much grown in Ceylon and Burma. It is commonly found in Brazil, Cuba, Philippines, Sir Lankan, Bangladesh, Manner and Malaysia. In 1793, the blimp was very popular among the Asiatic residents of those countries as it must be in Hawaii. (Babushka, et al. , 2013). Overran fruits are acidic and with high fiber content and are rich sources of vitamin C, antioxidants and are low in fat.Overran fruits are high in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and kelvin (Babushka et al. 2013). Overran fruits are rich sources of vitamin C, antioxidants and are low in fat. The fruit contains potassium oxalate or high levels of oxalic acid which may be used to get rid of iron-rust stain from clothes and to impart shine to brassieres. Chemical constituents include amino acids, citric acid, candying-3-O-b-D-glycoside, phenols, potassium ion, sugars, and Vitamin A (Rarity et al. , 2011). Fruit extract yield lifeings, sapiens ND torpedoing. Bark yields alkaloids, sapiens, and flavorings.The oxalic acid in blimp range between 10. 5 and 14. OMG/g in green fruit and 8. 45 to 10. MGM/g in ripe fruit, levels comparable to those reported from tea leaves. Because of high oxalic acid content, fruit used to remove stains from clothing and for wash hands, removing rust and stains from metal blades. Extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. Coli, S. Typhoid, S. erasures and B. Cereus. It can too be used as a dietary ingredient to continue hyperglycemia and a potential source for the isolation of bustling principle for cancer therapy. It is also a potential source of intolerability drug.The activity may be caused by either or both of the steroidal glycoside and potassium oxalate constituents. Babushka, et al. , 201 3) Dolan (Citrus uranium), belongs to the family Reeducate, it is a small, erect tree with smooth, greenish white shots with spine-scent thorns. It is an aromatic variety of citrus that produces extremely bitter, acidic fruits. Leaves are oblong to supplicate, 10 centimeters long by about 4 centimeters wide Petiole is narrowly winged. Flowers are white, bisexual, solitary or hardly a(prenominal) clustered, smooth and growing from the upper most leaf axial.Fruit is nearly spherical, 5-9 centimeters in diameter ad annihilate or not, the skin is orange-red and tight partition inwardly with yellowish juice sacks. Taste is usually sweet occasionally sour. Citrus uranium extracted and original parasitological constituent p-synergies are extensively used in pack management products and as thermometric agents. It is also known as chi-shih or Chi shih in traditional Chinese medicine. (Hung, et al. , 2011) The most important biological active constituents of the C. uranium fruits are phenylalanine alkaloids, activation, synergies, trainee, N- antihistamine and hardening.Aperitif, aromatic, stomach, tonic, astringent, mildly criminate, colleague, antibacterial, antithetic, untangling, antispasmodic, unintuitive, diaphragmatic, digestive, unmanaged, stimulant, vermiform. Dried rind is considered aromatic, stomach, tonic, astringent, and mildly criminate. It is rich in vitamin C, flavorings and volatile oil. Citrus flavorings have potential antioxidant, anti-aging anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory activity, and cholesterol lowering potential. change taste orange has a complex chemical make-up. It is perhaps most known for the volatile oil in the peel.It gives bitter orange its strong odor and flavor which account for its medical effects. Today, bitter orange is used pharmaceutical, cosmetics ND soaps. As a dietary supplement, this herb has been used to stimulate appetite, treat ringworm-type infections, relieves stomach lift and aid insomnia. Both the fruit and peel of this herb are typically included in over the counter nasal decongestants and weight loss products. It has also been used in applications such as indigestion, constipation and support of easing inflammation due to skin bruising and muscle pains.This herb has documented positive entropic effects, showing improvements to blood circulation through the heart and cerebral tissues due to its amine content. Gottfried, 201 0) According to Succumbing the juice of the fruit is used in removing ink stains from clothes and for washing the hair of women and can be used for bleaching freckles and as a cheap remedy for itching acne vulgarism and purists vulvae. Escherichia coli is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped group B that is commonly found in the human colon and is part of its normal flora and was found by Theodore Escherichia, a German bacteriologist in 1885.E. Coli possess coherent familiar and a cell wall that consists of an outer membrane containing alphanumerically, a periphrasis space with a pathological layer, and an inner, cytoplasm membrane. Some strains are palliated and qualified of accepting and transferring plasmid to and from other bacteria. Such property enables E. Coli u nder bad/stress conditions to survive. They grow best at ICC and when cultured in an Eosin methyl radical Blue (EMBED) culture media, it will exhibit colonies with distinct greenish-metallic sheen.When stained with Gram Stain, it will appear purple under the microscope because its cell walls composition prevented the loss of the primary stain when decolonize and it prevented the entry of the secondary stain. Mammon, 201 1) Staphylococcus erasures is a gram positive, cuscus that is commonly found in human respiratory tract. S. erasures colonizes mainly the nasal passages, but it may be found regularly in most other anatomical locales, including the skin, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. It was found by Rosenberg in 1884 as yellow colonies on a culture media. Toward,2012) The cell wall envelope of S. erasures is a complex protective surface organelle, composed of pedagogical, proteins, polysaccharides and secondary wall polymers. On blood agar plates, colonies of S. erasures a re frequently rounded by zones of clear beta-hemolytic. The golden appearance of colonies of some strains is the etymological root of the bacterias name erasures meaning golden in Latin. When stained with Gram Stain, it will only retain the secondary stain because its cell wall is thin causing easy decentralization of the bacteria.

4gt Technique

2. 22 Fourth Generation Techniques The term Fourth Generation Techniques (4GT) encompasses a broad array of software nibs that form one thing in common. Each enables the software engineer to specify some characteristic of software at a high level, the tool consequently automatically generates source code based on the developers specification. The 4GT paradigm for software engineering foc routines on the ability to specify software using specialized spoken communication forms or a graphic notation that describes the problem to be solved in terms that the customer can understand.Currently, a software development milieu that supports the 4GT paradigm includes some or all of the following tools nonprocedural languages for database query, report generation, data manipulation, screen interaction and definition & code generation high-level graphics aptitude and spreadsheet capability. Like other paradigms, 4GT begins with a requirements gathering step, the customer would describe requ irements and these would be directly translated into an operational prototype.But this is unworkable, the customer may be ensure of what is required, may be ambiguous in specifying facts that are known, and may be unable or unwilling to specify information in a manner that a 4GT tool can consume. For small applications, it may possible to move directly from the requirements gathering step to implementation using a nonprocedural fourth generation language (4GL), for a larger efforts, it is necessary to develop a design strategy for the system, even if a 4GL is to be used.The use of 4GT without design (for large projects) will cause the alike(p) difficulties (poor quality, poor maintainability and poor customer acceptance). Implementation using 4GL enables the software developer to represent desired output in a manner that results in automatic generation of code to generate the output. Obviously, a data structure with relevant information must exist and be readily accessible by the 4 GL.To transform a 4GT implementation into a product, the developer must conduct thorough testing, develop meaningful documentation, and perform all other solution integration activities that are required in other software engineering paradigms, the 4GT developed software must be built in a manner that enables maintenance to be performed expeditiously. The developers decided to use 4GT because it is the methodology that fits the system. The 4GT is a systematic approach to problem solving and is composed of several phases

Accepting Ones Heritage in Everyday Use

Accepting Ones Heritage in terrestrial Use Ember Eslinger February 24, 2010 English219-M Essay 1 Individuals identities are formed and moulded by how he or she chooses to film and preserve their culture. One might believe that it is important to have the chance to pass tear the stories of their past and the significance of their family treasures. An new(prenominal) public opinion one might have in saving ones heritage may be simply possessing family heirlooms. This paper focuses on the importance of experiencing batchs heritage and being proud of it despite hardships and stereotypes.In the short story Everyday Use by Alice footnote it is evident that the antagonist is interested in preserving her heritage for the wrong reasons. Common sense seems to dictate that momma is more sympathetic towards Maggie because they have more in common and share the respect for their heritage. whatever critics believe that mom possibly favours Maggie when it comes to the admiration and respe ct of their heritage. Even though Dee claims shes become more knowledgeable about her African-American culture, Mama doesnt believe that her heart is in it.Its almost as if she has shed her identity to satisfy this mistaken image thats imbedded in her head of what being true to her African-American culture is all about. When Mama realizes the only reason Dee came home was to claim their familys old quilts so she could hang them on the wall, Mama becomes resentful and disappointed towards her for not valuing the sentimentality behind her familys heirlooms. Having the quilts hang on the wall of her house for everyone to see is essentially a reminder of her top-flight social and economic status.Mama believes Dee is ignorant and naive towards her own inheritance. By conforming to the white Americans view of the African-American traditions shes cheating herself out of both cultures. Shes both and neither at the same time. Although carriage does not directly state, Dees character seems ashamed of how Mama and Maggie live their lives. The short story supports the feature that Mama puts her foot down when Dee tries to take the quilts even though they were promised to Maggie.When Maggie tries to leaveingly allow Dee to take the quilts Mama steps in and insists Dee take some of the other ones. Some might believe Mama is unfair when it comes to her daughters, when really shes handling the situation as her mother and grandmother would have handled it, supporting her judgment of preserving heritage. Maggie, the younger of the two daughters, is covered in scars from when their old house went up in flames. The scars symbolize the almost uncomfortable state in which Maggie lives. Although she is content with what she has, she will probably never have more.Her quiet, withdrawn character helps readers see the contrast between the two sisters. Similarly their complete opposite views of their heritage. Dee has a superficial estimation of her heritage and prefers appearance over substance how things appear on the outside, rather than the in depth meaning. Maggie on the other hand has respect for and is very apprised of where she came from. Evidence from the text supports the idea that Maggie knew a great deal more than Dee about the significance of many family heirlooms.Like Mama, Maggie is able to take pride in the mulish aspects of her nature and their lack of education does not prevent them from appreciating their heritage and those who came before them. Maggie values the importance of experiencing her heritage rather than putting in on display. Shes an utilitarian whose everyday use of the quilts remind her of her family ties and especially of her Grandma Dee. Because Mama and Maggie share not only cultural beliefs but also physical attributes Walker makes it clear that Mama is able to better relate with Maggie over Dee.Along with accusing Mama of not extrapolateing her own heritage, Dee furiously states that Maggie cant pry these quilts Shed p robably be backward enough to put them to everyday use. (Walker 253) Unfortunately for Dee, Mama sides with Maggie in hope that she would use them. Earlier in the story, Dee tries to grow her knowledge about the quilts but she only states how they were made from pieces of dresses her Grandma used to wear, nothing about either Grandpas clothing scraps.She finished her argument with what she thought was a strong statement about how they were all stitched by hand by her Grandma Dee, when in fact Mama and Big Dee also helped gain the works of art. To Mama the quilts have a deeper meaning. When she moves up to touch the quilts, she is reaching out to touch the people whom the quilts represent. Mama is more willing to pass down the quilts to Maggie because she believes Maggie is able to make the same connection as she does to the quilts.Mama and Maggie are able share the belief that the true meaning behind every family heirloom comes from the memories in which that full stop has made, so even when the object is no more, the memories are still able to live on through ones bequest. In this short story, Walker indirectly focuses on the fact that Maggie is following in Mamas footsteps and that it is very likely that she will lead the same lifestyle as Mama has. If one is able to take the time to recognize the recollections of the past through family heirlooms, he or she will more likely be able to understand and value their heritage.In conclusion this paper goes in depth about being true to ones heritage, furthermore, being true to oneself. When it comes to the topic of heritage, most of us will volitionally agree that it takes more than knowledge of ones grandparents names and a couple of old quilts to show ones passion and sentiment. In this case, Dee seems content with how she has decided to accept and portray her own heritage whereas most people, including Mama and Maggie, are on the opposite side of the spectrum since they believe it is more important to view your heritage as your entire lives experiences.When it is said that Mama is more sympathetic towards Maggie it is merely stating With that said, to actually have the personal satisfaction of being part of ones heritage, they outgrowth need to accept their own purities and faults. Once you are able to do so, recognizing oneself as a part of ones heritage should surge naturally.Works Cited Walker, Alice. Everyday Use. Making Arguments about Literature A Compact Guide and Anthology. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston Bedford/St. Martins. 2005. 247-253.

Dreams vs. Reality Essay

The world is a deadly, unforgiving and often ironic stick where people become each consumed by their surroundings. There are many occasions around the world in which people only assist about(predicate) themselves for example on Black Friday people get pushed, hurt or even trampled because someone is trying to get the best deals before they are all gone. People halt a t barricadeency to lose sight of their goals and daydreams. Mentally, people struggle to maintain their sanity in this game of life that has no piece of rules. In the book Of Mice and Men, this story portrays the inequality between peoples dreams and what shtup actually be accomplished. lavatory Steinbeck, the author Of Mice and Men, utilizes his general themes of friendship and loneliness, done his deep characterization and connection between characters in order to illustrate The American dream. The American dream consists of the ideas of freedom, equality, and opportunity.It also means life of individual con tentment and material goods as usually wanted by Americans. At the beginning of the novel, the relationship between Candy and the older dog was in truth close. Candy is very passionate about his dog and spoke proudly of him. You wouldnt think it to look at him now, only if he was the best damn sheep dog I ever seen (Steinbeck 44). The old dog lived in the bunk house with all the workers. He slept in the same bed as Candy, but the other workers did non like the old dog because he smelled terrible. Everyone liked Candy, but they wanted to kill the dog only because he smelled bad. After they killed the dog, Candy was lonely and un multiform himself from the other workers. Candys American dream was not met because the old dog was killed by the fellow ranchers.The old dog gave Candy unconditional love. When the old dog died, Candys dream died too. He wanted to live with the dog forever, his source of companionship and love was gone. In the novel, George and Lennie share the strongest bond. When George is talking to Lennie about why they are the loneliest guys in the world, he says Guys like us that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place. . . . With us it aint like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We dont have to sit in no bar room blowin in our jack jus because we got no place else to go. If them other guys gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. save not us (Steinbeck 13-14). This example shows how George and Lennies friendship is more than well-nigh migrant workers.George takes care of Lennie because Lennie is mentally disabled. If Lennie did not have George taking care of him, Lennie would sure as shooting be taken advantage of by other people who dont have the same moral standards as George. Georges American dream was for himself, Lennie, and Candy to have their own place to live. He wanted to have Lennie in his life because Lennie ga ve George absolute love. Aunt Clara had explained to Lennie that he could trust George to take care of him and to always listen to him and do what he says. Lennies disabilities are defined as him being slow he needed George as a guardian. George was helped by Lennies hard work and physical strength, he was a valuable worker and his pay was going to help buy the land for the new place.Lennie became involved with Curleys wife and accidentally killed her. After this happened, the ranchers were going after Lennie. George wanted to protect Lennie from torture, so he killed Lennie himself by shooting him in the back of the taper without Lennies knowledge. This ended their dreams. George would not have his place Lennie would not have his rabbits. The harsh reality of their actions took away the desire to dream for anything smash. The person who expresses his loneliness most openly is Crooks, the African- American stable hand, a victim of racial prejudice. Because of Crooks color, none of the other workers would socialize with him. When Lennie enters Crooks room uninvited, Crooks is angry and yells at Lennie asking him what his intentions are.He is blusterous Lennie because he jealous of the companionship between George and Lennie. He tries to hurt Lennie with lies of George deserting him, trying to make him see what it feels like to be so alone. Crooks envies their friendship it shows when he says George can tell you screwy things, and it dont matter. Its just the talking. Its just bein with another guy (Steinbeck 67). Crooks is lonely, and he is trying to make himself feel better by putting Lennie in the same position as he is. Crooks American dream was not achieved nor moved back, he didnt really have one. He just was living at the ranch and he would always get picked on because of his skin color and his disability. He wanted racial equality, but that was so unlikely to happen, Crooks refused to even hope for it. Because he had nothing to hope for, he is a grouc hy, negative man with nothing to live for.In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses the themes of friendship and loneliness between characters to illustrate the American Dream. The characters George and Lennie, Candy and the Old Dog, and Crooks are used to demonstrate how relationships work, and also the harsh differences between dreams and reality. In the end George decided to end Lennies life so that the other workers would not torture him and then kill him later. Finally, reality was stronger than all of their dreams.

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Name SoumyaPrem Roll no 20120119150Uncertainty reduction theory Charles Berger and Richard CalabreseThis theory explains how communication is use to reduce the hesitation among people when they meet each other for the first time. It is assumed that when strangers meet, their primary objective is to reduce uncertainty about the other individual involved in the interaction. We always want to reduce the uncertainties about our surroundings and the people in it since being uncertain about anything is not a agreeable feeling to have.Berger proposed that at that place are 3 factors that influence whether people will want to work towards reducing uncertainties about a certain situation.1. Anticipation of future(a) interaction You will try to reduce uncertainties if you endure there is a possibility of meeting this person again. Therefore, you are more likely to use uncertainty reduction behaviour when you meet someone at a party that you might be interested in.2. Incentive value If this person is capable to doing something for you or against you even, then there are higher chances of you trying to reduce uncertainties.3. Deviance If the person behaves oddly and shows some bizarre characteristics, you are likely to use uncertainty reduction. For example if you meet a new prospective client whom you have to meet in the future and could give your company a new get off and has a strange fascination for the colour purple, you would be interested in communicating more to fit the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle together to get to know who she really is. There are 3 ways to strain tuition from the other person-1. Passive system Observing someone without being observed2. Active Strategy Asking a third party for more culture3.Interactive Strategy Obtaining information directly by asking questions and offering personal information about yourselfA inference of this butt be seen in this scene from a very famous Hollywood movie Hitch where Will Smiths character t ries to seek more information about Sara Melas at a bar where in he uses all the strategies mentioned above for interaction. Berger proposes a series of 8 axioms to explain the company between uncertainty and eight key variables of consanguinity development which are communicatory communication -As the count of verbal communication increases, the level of uncertainty reducings. As uncertainty decreases, the amount of verbal communication increases.Non verbal warmth As nonverbal warmth increases, uncertainty levels decreases in a situation. In turn a decrease in uncertainty level will cause an increase in nonverbal warmth.Information seeking When uncertainty is more, the tendency to seek information increases. As uncertainty decreases, information seeking behaviour decreases.Self disclosure When uncertainty levels are high, the levels of intimacy in communication is less. As uncertainty reduces the level of intimacy increases.Reciprocity high the uncertainty, higher the recip rocity. discredit the uncertainty, lower the reciprocity.Similarity Similarities between people decreases uncertainty, while dissimilarities increases uncertainty.Liking Increase in uncertainty decreases liking and decrease in uncertainty increases liking.Shared ne cardinalrks If there are shared networks among the two people like common friends then uncertainty is less and vice versa.Uncertainty reduction theory in movies Meet the parentsMeeting someone for the first time can be a nerve racking experience for many. In this movie Greg is meeting his girlfriends parents for the first time. zany, Pams father is overly prophylactic of his daughter. He constantly mocks Gregs choice of occupation as a nurse and makes him uncomfortable in a lot of situations with an intention to keep him away(p) from his daughter. Greg tries to impress Jack from time to time but nothing seems to work in his favour because Jack does not show any liking towards him. Jacks verbal output, nonverbal cu es and constant information seeking causes Greg to fear him.Consequently, there is never a stable interaction between Jack and Greg as there is a lot of uncertainty between them. Applications of Uncertainty Reduction theory In an article titled Interactive Uncertainty Reduction Strategies and Verbal Affection in Computer-Mediated Communication published by Marjolijn L. Antheunis, Alexander P. Schouten, Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter, they investigated the language-based strategies that computer-mediated communication (CMC) users employ to reduce uncertainty in the absence of nonverbal cues.CMC insure had i. Higher levels of intimacy than face to face condition ii. More affection statements than face to face condition iii. There was no observed differences between text-only CMC and visual CMC condition In another article titled The Acquaintanceship Process An Examination of Uncertainty, Information Seeking, and Social Attraction during Initial Conversation published by William Douglas, the relationship between uncertainty reduction, information seeking, and liking during unstructured initial interaction was studied.Analyses showed that Significant linear and quadratic trends in the uncertainty scores. orbiculate uncertainty-related to uncertainty about the specific person after interaction and the amount of uncertainty reduction that they achieved. Uncertainty and liking were inversely correlated both before and after interaction. Global uncertainty -predictive of amount of information seeking Specific uncertainty -unrelated to the frequency of both asking questions and disclosing. Critique point of viewIt can be argued that reducing uncertainty about the self and another in an initial encounter might not be an individuals primary concern. A more primary goal would be to maximize relational outcomes. It is not always necessary to reduce uncertainties for obtaining your incentive from the other person. Also a want for information rather than lack of info rmation is what promotes information-seeking in initial encounters with other people. Also one of the axioms states that as the level of uncertainty reduces, liking increases.This may not be necessarily true since there can be a situation where in after communicating you come to realise that the other person possesses qualities that you are not fond of or comfortable about. In this case, there will not be an increase in liking rather there is a possibility of the opposite, i. e. a decrease in liking.Scholarly article sources http//crx. sagepub. com/content/21/2/154. abstracthttp//crx. sagepub. com/content/early/2011/06/01/0093650211410420. abstractOther sources http//www. wikipedia. org/http//wikis. lib. ncsu. edu/index. php/Uncertainty_Reduction_Theoryhttp//www. youtube. com/

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Dis kindly club A Full inclusion innovation for category discussion Church By Timothy Sloan Liberty University Abstract Members of company word of honor Church (FBC) believe that each(prenominal)(prenominal) people need to conduct the opportunity to look at the scriptural truths of theologys Word. This intromits those that have any type of dis cleverness. This is why FBC feels led to organize and execute a in beat inclusion body platform for the childrens ministry. FBC is a growing per relieve oneself help, and with constant expansion, there atomic number 18 increased needs. champion family in particular has inspired FBC members to establish a unique addition to the childrens ministry, the Button family.Mr. and Mrs. Button have only unriv entirelyed child, 6 accessible class old gum benjamin. He has been diagnosed with autistic dis couch. Recognizing the exceptional needs of this child, FBC has formed a program that is intellectually approp riate for him as well as his peers. The goal of this broad(a) inclusion program is to accommodate for gum benzoins needs while bountiful the other children similar treatment. FBCs framework explains the fenceing for this program with some(prenominal) perspectives. Benjamins inconvenience oneself is explained, including symptomatic conducts.FBCs fancy to bourgeon this childrens ministry program is described in detail. As part of FBCs childrens ministry mission control, commitment to all children is a priority in nine to guarantee that each child identifys biblical truths. This is achieved by utilizing a full inclusion devise which is the foundation for this agenda. Autism Spectrum Dis parliamentary procedure A Full Inclusion Plan for class tidings Church Fellowship Bible Church (FBC) capable for its low sunlight venerate service on September 2nd, 2001. FBC is a nondenominational, evangelical, Christian church with about 400 members.FBCs leadership is composed of 8 elders who all have the responsibility for a specific ministry. sunshine service begins with sunshine school at 930 am and following that is the godliness service at 1100 am. The worship service includes a time of laudation and worship, singing, and a time of practical thatched roofing from the Bible (Fellowship Bible Church, 2013). The worship is also composed of a salmagunditure of Christian contemporary songs and classic hymns. These twain genres ar alternated e rattling other week to adhere to the liking of the members. The Sun solar day sunrise services last about 1 hour and 20 minutes.Childrens church is also provided during the sunlight morning service. The church at decenniumdees be compiled of 58% men and 42% women. in that respect ar 125 teenagers in the youth ministry, 35 infants and toddlers in the nursery, and 56 children total in the church. This church is an excellent mix of members who share the analogous beliefs, love, and fretfulness for the Word. mi nister of religion Phil Moser is one of the three pastors. He speaks more(prenominal)(prenominal) often than the others. He has been the lead pastor for 11 geezerhood. He is recognize as the teaching pastor. The two associate pastors are Pastor goose Klose and Pastor Hal Russell.Pastor Jack Klose is boss of student ministries and Pastor Hal Russell is head of adult ministries and plain care. They fill in when Pastor Phil is out of town or unable to talk due to other reasons. Fellowship Bible Church uses the New powerfulness James Versions of the Bible. Every first Sunday of the calendar month, biblical communion is observed. Since Pastor Jack leads student ministries, this paper get out be focused on his subdivision and the establishment of a full inclusion ministry for a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Current Childrens MinistryFBC is recognized for its especial(a) interest in children. Their current childrens ministry consists of a nursery, Sunday school, and Ch ildrens church. FBCs childrens ministry is constantly growing. Since the number of children grasp an eye ons growing, the church has provided several ministries to compensate for this growth. The nursery consists of infants to two division old children. The nursery is operational during Sunday school hour as well as Sunday morning service. Parents should feel safe grappleing their children are in the church faculty hands, as the ply members are sleep withd with these age groups.FBC also has a passion for children and youth. The Sunday school classes that are available for both children and adolescents are shipshape to the particular age group for divulge under(a)standing. Children and Youth Sunday school classes are devoted to dowery children and teens grasp better knowledge of the Word, and building a strong relationship with the Lord. Time is spent searching for Gods plan for each persons liveliness. Classes are often interactive in order to provide a chance for child ren to build close relationships and encourage fellowship amongst students.Another important aspect of the childrens ministry is Childrens Church. Childrens church is for children ages 3 to 3rd grade. The children pull up stakes be dismissed after the worship service and before the visualiset and soul begins. This is a time for children to receive a essence that is more geared to their reasonableness. During childrens church, children forget be taught Bible lessons through humanistic discipline and crafts as well as movies. Another purpose of childrens church is to ensure that small children are not a distraction to others during the service.Rationale for Full Inclusion Biblical fit to the beliefs of FBC elders, everyone has the right to receive the uniform biblical message. God sent His son to die for all of mankind and ordered his disciples to carry this message to the ends of the earth. In Gods eyes everyone is equal and should be given the alike opportunities to hear His message. This principle is portrayed in Galatians 328 (King James Version), There is incomplete Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor womanly for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. There is no unlikeness between people in Gods eyes. This is a very clear order which is also found in Gods Word, Christ states in Matthew 2819 (KJV), Go ye thus, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the dedicated Ghost. God has also equipped those that serve Him with skills or talents to be utilized in sharing the truths of the Word. It is the Holy Spirit within Christians that motivates and enables His people to use these talents for all of mankind.The church promotes this fact and aims to deliver the message to all despite any disabilities or hindrances. Full inclusion is a common theme found in the Bible. This is evident when Christ was present on the Earth. Then were there brought unto him little children, tha t he should put his hands on them, and pray and the disciples rebuked them scarce Jesus said, sustain little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me for of such is the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 1913-14 KJV). In doing this Jesus showed that His teaching is for all of mankind.FBC developed a mission statement for its childrens ministry with this in mind. The mission statement is to ensure that each child benefits from the same biblical message and accommodates the different learn patterns of all children including those with special needs. scientific It is vital that in developing a childrens ministry that includes children with disabilities, the children have an inclusive learning environment. From a scientific perspective, children with autism spectrum disorder benefit autocraticly from full inclusion. gibe to a study on educating autistic children, the researcher found, In order to develop scoop practice, practitioners need to adapt interventions to the unique needs of the individual child, work in partnership with parents and other professionals, create enabling environments and be informed by a develop rational approach to learning (Guldberg, 2010). Inclusion elbow room that there are many an(prenominal) post groups that are involved in the childs life the influence the child. Every person essential be aware of the same issues and how to intervene when required. They must be equipped to interact therapeutically with the child.Having patience is utterly necessary in order to be put upive with the child. Inclusion mickle also be explained by studying all aspects of the childs disorder in order to be better equipped to teach the child. According to a study on educating children with autism spectrum disorder, Inclusion can be broadly delineate as the process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging, and therefore goes beyond education to cover the total experience of a child or unfledged per son on the autism spectrum and his/her family (Jones, English, Guldberg, Jordan, Richardson & Waltz, 2008).Gathering as much background training about the child allow aid in having a better understanding of how the child responds to others. Those who are not using full inclusion methods for all children may be keeping or so children from progressing like the other children. Necessary constitute Elements for Full Inclusion As stated before, full inclusion has many different essential aspects. Full inclusion is FBCs approach to engage all children unheeding of learning ability. This is done by accepting volunteers, particularly those with experience or education.Training and appropriate materials are also acquired to feed this possible. For Benjamin Button, a 6 form old child with autism spectrum disorder, these three elements are imperative to his continuance in the classes. FBC aims to have Benjamin fully involved in regular Sunday school classes. Benjamin was diagnosed with autism at the age of three. He has impairments in regards to social interaction, communication, and repetitive port. These three aids pass on ebb the amount of complications that may reach and help guide Benjamin into a smoother shift into this church.Volunteers FBC entrust have the obligation of finding proficient members of the church. Not only should these volunteers be skilled, they must also be patient and understanding. They must have a biblical perspective in order to display an encouraging attitude. Volunteers go away be the understructure for this full inclusion ministry. The volunteers will need to have experience with special needs children. Volunteers may also have educational background in psychology or special education. This also means that each volunteer must be at least 21 years old.The exception to this age desexualize is if the volunteer has personalized experience living with a child who has autism. The volunteers will need to help Benjamin stay focus ed and limit the amount of distractions. He will need assistance drawing, using the bathroom, and with staying included in the group. There must be at least 3 trained volunteers on staff when the child is present. This is to ensure that Benjamin and the other children are safe and receiving the same amount of care and attention. TrainingTraining will be provided by educated staff for evoke volunteers. God desires that his believers and his church be fully equipped for any work, mend to meet any situation. This is a truth we get from Gods Word, every last(predicate) scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all impregnable works (2 Timothy 316-17 KJV). FBC aims to fully equip the volunteers to equip them for this ambitious yet rewarding position.There will be a four week air that volunteers must go through before universe au thorized to teach in the full inclusion program. The course will be taught every Wednesday night at 6 oclock and will last an hour. Upon accomplishment of the training the volunteers will have received knowledge on what autism spectrum disorder is, how it affects children in social telescopes, and how to properly instruct and engage them in the classroom. The training materials provided were donated from a non-profit organization for autistic children.FBC is ready to take the necessary steps to properly exploit this full inclusion program for Benjamin and understands the importance of properly armament the volunteers to do so. Accommodations Success in the school setting for students with an autism spectrum disorder is dependent upon accommodations do in the classroom (Coffey, 2004). With this in mind FBC is fetching the steps necessary to provide the proper accommodations for Benjamin. Physical space, organization of the Sunday school lesson, and teaching methods will be care fully accommodated for Benjamins specific needs.Physical space is the first accommodation that will be made and will include placing Benjamins chair away from high movement areas, there will be a bean bag chair in the corner of the room for a quiet retreat, and he will be allowed to arrive and leave ahead of time to avoid the crowd. The organization of the Sunday school lesson will have plenty of visuals to keep Benjamin engaged and also a list of the days activities will be read to Benjamin to avoid and alleviate any anxiousness of him not knowing whats happening conterminous. The third accommodation will be the teaching methods of the Sunday school teacher.The volunteer will need to keep the lesson visually interesting and during discussions pass a ball around to know whose turn it is to speak (Coffey, 2004). Keeping Benjamins attention is one of the goals of the full inclusion program at FBC. Summary of Autism Spectrum Disorder Definition According to Mash, Wolfe, Parritz, and Troy (2011) ASD is defined as Autism spectrum disorders or autism are yucky phylo componentsisal disorders characterized by brachydactylousities in social functioning, language, and communication, and unusual behaviors and interests.Autism touches every aspect of the childs interactions with his or her world, involves man parts of the reason, and undermines the traits that make us human our social responsiveness, ability to communicate, and feelings for other people. (p. 300) Etiology What causes Autism spectrum disorder has cool it not completely been heady but its likely that both genetics and environment play a role. Researchers have identified a number of genes associated with the disorder and studies of people with ASD have found irregularities in several regions of the brain (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011).Other studies suggest that people with ASD have abnormal levels of serotonin or other neurotransmitters in the brain (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011). These abnormalities sugges t that, ASD could top from the disruption of normal brain development early in fetal development caused by defects in genes that control brain growth and that regulate how brain cells communicate with each other, possibly due to the influence of environmental factors on gene function (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011). PrevalenceAccording to bailiwick Initiative for Autism Screening & Assessment (NIASA) The autism spectrum currently affects between 60 and 100 per 10,000 children under the age of eight (NIASA, 2003). ASDs are almost 5 times more common among boys (1 in 54) than among girls (1 in 252) (NIASA, 2003). These statistics indicate that many children have a variation of Autism Spectrum Disorder, which is why research is very important in this area of psychology. Characteristics Each individual with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unique and may submit markedly different behaviors and skills (NIASA, 2003).Some common ASD characteristics include slower mother tongue developme nt, failure to form social bonds, and the child may also exhibit hypersensitivity to light, noises, touch, smells, and tastes (NIASA, 2003). Other characteristics include not playing with other children and preferring to be left alone, may have tantrums, neurotic interests in objects or activities, and may display aggression towards others or themselves (NIASA, 2003). prospect Autism is not cured and persons retain the disorder all their lives but those with less severe manifestations can become functional adults (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011).Information on long term prospect of autism is limited but, outcome is known to be poor for those with an IQ below 50 (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011). Current Research Experts have made remarkable strides in better understanding autism. According to Center for Disease enclose and Prevention (CDC), Research on ASDs has increased a great deal in recent years and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is part of the larger group of public and underground organizations working to better understand ASDs through research (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Studies are being conducted at all levels of analysis, and experts are beginning to see the interconnections between the underlying biological causes and the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of autistic disorder (NIASA, 2003). The future(a) decade will witness further developments, bringing experts closer to a more comprehensive and merged understanding of autism and despite the exponential growth in basic studies on autism, there has been relatively little research on saucily treatments and interventions (NIASA, 2003). Social DynamicsWhether its at school, at work or in social settings, people with autism are often misunderstood. They suffer discrimination, prejudice and isolation. For many, that means a lifetime of exclusion from everyday society. Research shows that awareness of autism is high but theres a lack of understanding about what it really means to live with autism (Guldberg, 2010). These unfortunate social discriminations can cause autistic children to direct and dislike social contact. Treatments There are various forms of treatment for autism. These treatments consist of managing behavior as well as therapies.According to WebMD (2010), Behavioral training and management uses positive reinforcement, self-help, and social skills training to improve behavior and communication. There are also specialise therapies. These include speech, occupational, and physical therapy (WebMD, 2010). These therapies are important aspects of autistic childrens general treatment because they help achieve appropriate behavior. Language, social skills, communication, coordination, and motor skills are the areas that are focused on in order to aid autistic children in the learning process (WebMD, 2010).Improving aspects of these skills will ensure that autistic children are learning and progressing from these treatments. Family, Support, and social club Autism spectrum disorder not only affects the child but it also has an effect on family and peers as well. Parents must now place their primary focus on helping their child with ASD, which may put strains on their marriage, other children, work, finances, and personal relationships and responsibilities. Parents can help their family by informing their other children and relatives about autism and the complications it introduces.Understanding the challenges siblings face and helping them cope, and involving members of the extended family to create a network of help and understanding which is important for the family to live a more fulfilling life with their child with ASD. Benjamin Button At age 3 Benjamin Buttons parents noticed some unusual behaviors in their only son. He never spoke and wouldnt respond to them calling his name and Benjamin would also repeatedly bang his head on the floor or wall when he got disciplined, upset, and sometimes for no reason at all. Potty training was also very unsuccessful.His parents took note of this behavior and took him to a pediatrician where he was later diagnosed with autistic disorder. Benjamin attended speech therapy for two years before kindergarten. He is now in an utilize Behavior Analysis class at his elementary school. The ABA class encourages positive behaviors and discourages nix behaviors in order to improve a variety of skills (Guldberg, 2010). Benjamin has shown improvements in speech over the past three years but he still has trouble recognizing words and drawing letters and telling his parents why he can get suddenly sad or angry.On a typical day Benjamin has at least two irritation tantrums. He understands and follows directions very well and he also has a close connection to loved ones. His parents are very happy with the improvements Benjamin has made and look forward to acquiring him involved in the Sunday school program at Fellowship Bible Church. Church-Family-School Part nership For continued success Benjamin will need the unite efforts of his family, school, and church. Benjamins family, school, and church have realized four goals to broaden his educational, spiritual, emotional, and psychological well-being.IEP Goal 1 Benjamin will learn to recite his ABCs. Teachers could make home visits to interact with the child one on one in order for Benjamin to have more practice reciting and learning his ABCs. Although Benjamins parents and church volunteers would like him to reach this goal within a month they have decided to remain patient and committed to working with him regardless of how long it takes him to achieve this goal. IEP Goal 2 Spiritual Benjamin will learn and be able to sing along with his peers in one naked Sunday school song a month.Benjamin has always had a positive reply to music. This goal will is tailored to his IEP since he takes interest in music. This will also aid in his socialization skills. IEP Goal 3 Benjamin will decreas e the amount of temper tantrums by 50% in the next three months. As stated before Benjamin typically has two temper tantrums a day. To meet this goal Benjamin will need to decrease his temper tantrums by one daily. IEP Goal 4 Benjamin to establish a new friendship with one peer a month.This goal is attainable since there are numerous children in the Sunday school program and at school. This goal could be particularly difficult for him since he has displayed poor social skills and often intimidates his peers. His peers are sometimes intimidated or confused by his behavior and therefore avoid social interaction with Benjamin. Plan for Growth Benjamins Parents have attended Fellowship Bible Church for the past ten years. Now that their sons autism is becoming more and more under control they are excited about introducing him into FBCs full inclusion Sunday school program.The Button family is willing and eager to take what steps are necessary and aid in the advancement of this program . The proper steps have been taking for a successful full inclusion program to be integrated in FBCs Sunday school program and will do nada but improve as devoted members of the church come alongside the Button family to ensure that. One Year In the next year Fellowship Bible Church aim to advance the Full Inclusion course of study in a big way. The short term goal is to acquire skilled volunteers that are qualified to work with a child suffering from autism spectrum disorder.The one year goal for FBCs full inclusion Sunday school program is to expand the ministry by adding at five children suffering from a mental disability. Advertising the churches special needs mission statement to the community and prospective volunteers with the plan of acquiring qualified staff and children with disabilities. Five Years By the approval of God Fellowship Bible Churchs will be prosperous and successful in the next five years. FBSs five year plan for the Sunday school full inclusion program is to have an established ministry that is trusted by the church and community.FBC aims to achieve these goals by obtaining qualified volunteers and being proactive in the community to spread the news of the program in order to increase the number of children with disabilities in the program Conclusion The success of Fellowship Bibles full inclusion Sunday school program will be established by combining efforts of the Button family, the church, and the community. This full inclusion program is intended to give Benjamin the opportunity to be engaged in the word with his peers. This is done by giving him a comfortable setting that will reduce the symptoms of his disorder.FBC plans to develop this program by recruiting the necessary volunteers. Trainings and accommodations will be incorporated in order to ensure quality care from the volunteers. Family support in combination with a variety of treatments and goals is an all-inclusive plan for Benjamin. The goal of this plan is to provi de a full inclusion program that meets the needs of each child. FBC has set up a one year and a five year plan to execute this program to its full potential. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2011).Autism spectrum disorders Research. Atlanta, GA http//www. cdc. gov/ncbddd/autism/research. html Coffey, K. M. , & Obringer, S. , (2004). A case study on autism School accommodations and inclusive settings. Education, 124(4), 632-639. Fellowship Bible Church, (2013) About fellowship bible church. Samurai Virtual Tours. http//aboutfbc. org/ Gerdts, J. , & Bernier, R. , (2011). The broader autism phenotype and its implications on the aetiology and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research & Treatment, 1-19. oi10. 1155/2011/545901 Guldberg, K. , (2010). Educating children on the autism spectrum Preconditions for inclusion and notions of best autism practice in the early years. British Journal of Special Education, 37(4), 168-174. doi10. 1111/j. 1467-8578. 2010. 00482. x Jones, G. , English, A. , Guldberg, K. , Jordan, R. , Richardson, P. & Waltz, M. , (2008). Educational provision for children and young people with autism spectrum disorders living in England A review of current practice, issues and challenges, Autism Education Trust.Jones, G. & Guldberg Mash, E. J. , Wolfe, D. A. , Parritz, R. H. , & Troy, M. F. , (2011). prodigious child psychology Liberty University. Bellmont, CA Cengage. CUSTOM NIASA (National Initiative for Autism Screening & Assessment), (2003). National autism plan for children, the NIASA guidelines. London National Autistic Society. WebMD, (2010). Autism spectrum disorders health center, Autism Treatment overview. Healthwise. http//www. webmd. com/brain/autism/autism-treatment-overviewAutism Spectrum DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder A Full Inclusion Plan for Fellowship Bible Church By Timothy Sloan Liberty University Abstract Members of Fellowship Bible Church (FBC) believe that all people need to have the opportunity to learn the biblical truths of Gods Word. This includes those that have any type of disability. This is why FBC feels led to organize and execute a full inclusion program for the childrens ministry. FBC is a growing church, and with constant expansion, there are increased needs. One family in particular has inspired FBC members to establish a unique addition to the childrens ministry, the Button family.Mr. and Mrs. Button have only one child, 6 year old Benjamin. He has been diagnosed with autistic disorder. Recognizing the exceptional needs of this child, FBC has formed a program that is intellectually appropriate for him as well as his peers. The goal of this full inclusion program is to accommodate for Benjamins needs while giving the other children similar treatment. FBCs framework explains the reasoning for this program through several perspectives. Benjamins disorder is explained, including symptomatic behaviors.FBCs plan to develop this childrens ministry progra m is described in detail. As part of FBCs childrens ministry mission statement, commitment to all children is a priority in order to guarantee that each child learns biblical truths. This is achieved by utilizing a full inclusion plan which is the foundation for this agenda. Autism Spectrum Disorder A Full Inclusion Plan for Fellowship Bible Church Fellowship Bible Church (FBC) opened for its first Sunday worship service on September 2nd, 2001. FBC is a nondenominational, evangelical, Christian church with about 400 members.FBCs leadership is composed of 8 elders who all have the responsibility for a specific ministry. Sunday service begins with Sunday school at 930 am and following that is the worship service at 1100 am. The worship service includes a time of praise and worship, singing, and a time of practical teaching from the Bible (Fellowship Bible Church, 2013). The worship is also composed of a mixture of Christian contemporary songs and classic hymns. These two genres are al ternated every other week to adhere to the liking of the members. The Sunday morning services last about 1 hour and 20 minutes.Childrens church is also provided during the Sunday morning service. The church attendees are compiled of 58% men and 42% women. There are 125 teenagers in the youth ministry, 35 infants and toddlers in the nursery, and 56 children total in the church. This church is an excellent mix of members who share the same beliefs, love, and passion for the Word. Pastor Phil Moser is one of the three pastors. He speaks more often than the others. He has been the lead pastor for 11 years. He is recognized as the teaching pastor. The two associate pastors are Pastor Jack Klose and Pastor Hal Russell.Pastor Jack Klose is head of student ministries and Pastor Hal Russell is head of adult ministries and pastoral care. They fill in when Pastor Phil is out of town or unable to preach due to other reasons. Fellowship Bible Church uses the New King James Versions of the Bible. Every first Sunday of the month, biblical communion is observed. Since Pastor Jack leads student ministries, this paper will be focused on his department and the establishment of a full inclusion ministry for a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Current Childrens MinistryFBC is recognized for its special interest in children. Their current childrens ministry consists of a nursery, Sunday school, and Childrens church. FBCs childrens ministry is constantly growing. Since the number of children keeps growing, the church has provided several ministries to compensate for this growth. The nursery consists of infants to two year old children. The nursery is available during Sunday school hour as well as Sunday morning service. Parents should feel safe knowing their children are in the church staff hands, as the staff members are experienced with these age groups.FBC also has a passion for children and youth. The Sunday school classes that are available for both children and adolescen ts are tailored to the particular age group for better understanding. Children and Youth Sunday school classes are devoted to helping children and teens grasp better knowledge of the Word, and building a strong relationship with the Lord. Time is spent searching for Gods plan for each persons life. Classes are often interactive in order to provide a chance for children to build close relationships and encourage fellowship between students.Another important aspect of the childrens ministry is Childrens Church. Childrens church is for children ages 3 to 3rd grade. The children will be dismissed after the worship service and before the message begins. This is a time for children to receive a message that is more geared to their understanding. During childrens church, children will be taught Bible lessons through arts and crafts as well as movies. Another purpose of childrens church is to ensure that small children are not a distraction to others during the service.Rationale for Full In clusion Biblical According to the beliefs of FBC elders, everyone has the right to receive the same biblical message. God sent His son to die for all of mankind and ordered his disciples to carry this message to the ends of the earth. In Gods eyes everyone is equal and should be given the same opportunities to hear His message. This principle is portrayed in Galatians 328 (King James Version), There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. There is no difference between people in Gods eyes. This is a very clear order which is also found in Gods Word, Christ states in Matthew 2819 (KJV), Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. God has also equipped those that serve Him with skills or talents to be utilized in sharing the truths of the Word. It is the Holy Spirit within Christians that motivates and enables His people t o use these talents for all of mankind.The church promotes this fact and aims to deliver the message to all despite any disabilities or hindrances. Full inclusion is a common theme found in the Bible. This is evident when Christ was present on the Earth. Then were there brought unto him little children, that he should put his hands on them, and pray and the disciples rebuked them but Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me for of such is the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 1913-14 KJV). In doing this Jesus showed that His teaching is for all of mankind.FBC developed a mission statement for its childrens ministry with this in mind. The mission statement is to ensure that each child benefits from the same biblical message and accommodates the different learning patterns of all children including those with special needs. Scientific It is vital that in developing a childrens ministry that includes children with disabilities, the children have an inclusive le arning environment. From a scientific perspective, children with autism spectrum disorder benefit positively from full inclusion.According to a study on educating autistic children, the researcher found, In order to develop best practice, practitioners need to adapt interventions to the unique needs of the individual child, work in partnership with parents and other professionals, create enabling environments and be informed by a developmental approach to learning (Guldberg, 2010). Inclusion means that there are many support groups that are involved in the childs life the influence the child. Every person must be aware of the same issues and how to intervene when necessary. They must be equipped to interact therapeutically with the child.Having patience is absolutely necessary in order to be effective with the child. Inclusion can also be explained by studying all aspects of the childs disorder in order to be better equipped to teach the child. According to a study on educating chil dren with autism spectrum disorder, Inclusion can be broadly defined as the process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging, and therefore goes beyond education to cover the total experience of a child or young person on the autism spectrum and his/her family (Jones, English, Guldberg, Jordan, Richardson & Waltz, 2008).Gathering as much background information about the child will aid in having a better understanding of how the child responds to others. Those who are not using full inclusion methods for all children may be keeping some children from progressing like the other children. Necessary Key Elements for Full Inclusion As stated before, full inclusion has many different essential aspects. Full inclusion is FBCs approach to engage all children regardless of learning ability. This is done by accepting volunteers, particularly those with experience or education.Training and appropriate materials are also acquired to make this possi ble. For Benjamin Button, a 6 year old child with autism spectrum disorder, these three elements are imperative to his continuation in the classes. FBC aims to have Benjamin fully involved in regular Sunday school classes. Benjamin was diagnosed with autism at the age of three. He has impairments in regards to social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior. These three aids will decrease the amount of complications that may occur and help guide Benjamin into a smoother shift into this church.Volunteers FBC will have the obligation of finding skilled members of the church. Not only should these volunteers be skilled, they must also be patient and understanding. They must have a biblical perspective in order to display an encouraging attitude. Volunteers will be the basis for this full inclusion ministry. The volunteers will need to have experience with special needs children. Volunteers may also have educational background in psychology or special education. This also mea ns that each volunteer must be at least 21 years old.The exception to this age limit is if the volunteer has personal experience living with a child who has autism. The volunteers will need to help Benjamin stay focused and limit the amount of distractions. He will need assistance drawing, using the bathroom, and with staying included in the group. There must be at least 3 trained volunteers on staff when the child is present. This is to ensure that Benjamin and the other children are safe and receiving the same amount of care and attention. TrainingTraining will be provided by educated staff for interested volunteers. God desires that his believers and his church be fully equipped for any work, ready to meet any situation. This is a truth we get from Gods Word, All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works (2 Timot hy 316-17 KJV). FBC aims to fully equip the volunteers to equip them for this challenging yet rewarding position.There will be a four week course that volunteers must go through before being authorized to teach in the full inclusion program. The course will be taught every Wednesday night at 6 oclock and will last an hour. Upon completion of the training the volunteers will have received knowledge on what autism spectrum disorder is, how it affects children in social settings, and how to properly instruct and engage them in the classroom. The training materials provided were donated from a non-profit organization for autistic children.FBC is ready to take the necessary steps to properly run this full inclusion program for Benjamin and understands the importance of properly equipping the volunteers to do so. Accommodations Success in the school setting for students with an autism spectrum disorder is dependent upon accommodations made in the classroom (Coffey, 2004). With this in min d FBC is taking the steps necessary to provide the proper accommodations for Benjamin. Physical space, organization of the Sunday school lesson, and teaching methods will be carefully accommodated for Benjamins specific needs.Physical space is the first accommodation that will be made and will include placing Benjamins chair away from high movement areas, there will be a bean bag chair in the corner of the room for a quiet retreat, and he will be allowed to arrive and leave early to avoid the crowd. The organization of the Sunday school lesson will have plenty of visuals to keep Benjamin engaged and also a list of the days activities will be read to Benjamin to avoid and alleviate any anxiety of him not knowing whats happening next. The third accommodation will be the teaching methods of the Sunday school teacher.The volunteer will need to keep the lesson visually interesting and during discussions pass a ball around to know whose turn it is to speak (Coffey, 2004). Keeping Benjamin s attention is one of the goals of the full inclusion program at FBC. Summary of Autism Spectrum Disorder Definition According to Mash, Wolfe, Parritz, and Troy (2011) ASD is defined as Autism spectrum disorders or autism are severe developmental disorders characterized by abnormalities in social functioning, language, and communication, and unusual behaviors and interests.Autism touches every aspect of the childs interactions with his or her world, involves man parts of the brain, and undermines the traits that make us human our social responsiveness, ability to communicate, and feelings for other people. (p. 300) Etiology What causes Autism spectrum disorder has still not completely been determined but its likely that both genetics and environment play a role. Researchers have identified a number of genes associated with the disorder and studies of people with ASD have found irregularities in several regions of the brain (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011).Other studies suggest that people with ASD have abnormal levels of serotonin or other neurotransmitters in the brain (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011). These abnormalities suggest that, ASD could result from the disruption of normal brain development early in fetal development caused by defects in genes that control brain growth and that regulate how brain cells communicate with each other, possibly due to the influence of environmental factors on gene function (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011). PrevalenceAccording to National Initiative for Autism Screening & Assessment (NIASA) The autism spectrum currently affects between 60 and 100 per 10,000 children under the age of eight (NIASA, 2003). ASDs are almost 5 times more common among boys (1 in 54) than among girls (1 in 252) (NIASA, 2003). These statistics indicate that many children have a variation of Autism Spectrum Disorder, which is why research is very important in this area of psychology. Characteristics Each individual with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unique and may demonstrate markedly different behaviors and skills (NIASA, 2003).Some common ASD characteristics include slower speech development, failure to form social bonds, and the child may also exhibit hypersensitivity to light, noises, touch, smells, and tastes (NIASA, 2003). Other characteristics include not playing with other children and preferring to be left alone, may have tantrums, obsessive interests in objects or activities, and may display aggression towards others or themselves (NIASA, 2003). Prognosis Autism is not cured and persons retain the disorder all their lives but those with less severe manifestations can become functional adults (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011).Information on long term prognosis of autism is limited but, outcome is known to be poor for those with an IQ below 50 (Gerdts and Bernier, 2011). Current Research Experts have made remarkable strides in better understanding autism. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Research on ASDs has increased a great deal in recent years and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is part of the larger group of public and private organizations working to better understand ASDs through research (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Studies are being conducted at all levels of analysis, and experts are beginning to see the interconnections between the underlying biological causes and the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of autistic disorder (NIASA, 2003). The next decade will witness further developments, bringing experts closer to a more comprehensive and integrated understanding of autism and despite the exponential growth in basic studies on autism, there has been relatively little research on new treatments and interventions (NIASA, 2003). Social DynamicsWhether its at school, at work or in social settings, people with autism are often misunderstood. They suffer discrimination, prejudice and isolation. For many, that means a lifetime of exclusion from everyday society. Research shows that awareness of autism is high but theres a lack of understanding about what it really means to live with autism (Guldberg, 2010). These unfortunate social discriminations can cause autistic children to withdraw and dislike social contact. Treatments There are various forms of treatment for autism. These treatments consist of managing behavior as well as therapies.According to WebMD (2010), Behavioral training and management uses positive reinforcement, self-help, and social skills training to improve behavior and communication. There are also specialized therapies. These include speech, occupational, and physical therapy (WebMD, 2010). These therapies are important aspects of autistic childrens overall treatment because they help achieve appropriate behavior. Language, social skills, communication, coordination, and motor skills are the areas that are focused on in order to aid autistic children in the learning process (WebMD, 2010).Improving aspects of these skills will ensure that autistic children are learning and progressing from these treatments. Family, Support, and Society Autism spectrum disorder not only affects the child but it also has an effect on family and peers as well. Parents must now place their primary focus on helping their child with ASD, which may put strains on their marriage, other children, work, finances, and personal relationships and responsibilities. Parents can help their family by informing their other children and relatives about autism and the complications it introduces.Understanding the challenges siblings face and helping them cope, and involving members of the extended family to create a network of help and understanding which is crucial for the family to live a more fulfilling life with their child with ASD. Benjamin Button At age 3 Benjamin Buttons parents noticed some unusual behaviors in their only son. He never spoke and wouldnt respond to them calling his name and Benjamin woul d also repeatedly bang his head on the floor or wall when he got disciplined, upset, and sometimes for no reason at all. Potty training was also very unsuccessful.His parents took note of this behavior and took him to a pediatrician where he was later diagnosed with autistic disorder. Benjamin attended speech therapy for two years before kindergarten. He is now in an Applied Behavior Analysis class at his elementary school. The ABA class encourages positive behaviors and discourages negative behaviors in order to improve a variety of skills (Guldberg, 2010). Benjamin has shown improvements in speech over the past three years but he still has trouble recognizing words and drawing letters and telling his parents why he can get suddenly sad or angry.On a typical day Benjamin has at least two temper tantrums. He understands and follows directions very well and he also has a close connection to loved ones. His parents are very happy with the improvements Benjamin has made and look forwar d to getting him involved in the Sunday school program at Fellowship Bible Church. Church-Family-School Partnership For continued success Benjamin will need the combined efforts of his family, school, and church. Benjamins family, school, and church have established four goals to broaden his educational, spiritual, emotional, and psychological well-being.IEP Goal 1 Benjamin will learn to recite his ABCs. Teachers could make home visits to interact with the child one on one in order for Benjamin to have more practice reciting and learning his ABCs. Although Benjamins parents and church volunteers would like him to reach this goal within a month they have decided to remain patient and committed to working with him regardless of how long it takes him to achieve this goal. IEP Goal 2 Spiritual Benjamin will learn and be able to sing along with his peers in one new Sunday school song a month.Benjamin has always had a positive response to music. This goal will is tailored to his IEP sin ce he takes interest in music. This will also aid in his socialization skills. IEP Goal 3 Benjamin will decrease the amount of temper tantrums by 50% in the next three months. As stated before Benjamin typically has two temper tantrums a day. To meet this goal Benjamin will need to decrease his temper tantrums by one daily. IEP Goal 4 Benjamin to establish a new friendship with one peer a month.This goal is attainable since there are numerous children in the Sunday school program and at school. This goal could be particularly difficult for him since he has displayed poor social skills and often intimidates his peers. His peers are sometimes intimidated or confused by his behavior and therefore avoid social interaction with Benjamin. Plan for Growth Benjamins Parents have attended Fellowship Bible Church for the past ten years. Now that their sons autism is becoming more and more under control they are excited about introducing him into FBCs full inclusion Sunday school program.The Button family is willing and eager to take what steps are necessary and aid in the advancement of this program. The proper steps have been taking for a successful full inclusion program to be integrated in FBCs Sunday school program and will do nothing but improve as devoted members of the church come alongside the Button family to ensure that. One Year In the next year Fellowship Bible Church aim to advance the Full Inclusion Program in a big way. The short term goal is to acquire skilled volunteers that are qualified to work with a child suffering from autism spectrum disorder.The one year goal for FBCs full inclusion Sunday school program is to expand the ministry by adding at five children suffering from a mental disability. Advertising the churches special needs mission statement to the community and prospective volunteers with the intent of acquiring qualified staff and children with disabilities. Five Years By the grace of God Fellowship Bible Churchs will be prospering and successful in the next five years. FBSs five year plan for the Sunday school full inclusion program is to have an established ministry that is trusted by the church and community.FBC aims to achieve these goals by obtaining qualified volunteers and being proactive in the community to spread the news of the program in order to increase the number of children with disabilities in the program Conclusion The success of Fellowship Bibles full inclusion Sunday school program will be established by combining efforts of the Button family, the church, and the community. This full inclusion program is intended to give Benjamin the opportunity to be engaged in the word with his peers. This is done by giving him a comfortable setting that will reduce the symptoms of his disorder.FBC plans to develop this program by recruiting the necessary volunteers. Trainings and accommodations will be incorporated in order to ensure quality care from the volunteers. Family support in combination with a varie ty of treatments and goals is an all-inclusive plan for Benjamin. The goal of this plan is to provide a full inclusion program that meets the needs of each child. FBC has set up a one year and a five year plan to execute this program to its full potential. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2011).Autism spectrum disorders Research. Atlanta, GA http//www. cdc. gov/ncbddd/autism/research. html Coffey, K. M. , & Obringer, S. , (2004). A case study on autism School accommodations and inclusive settings. Education, 124(4), 632-639. Fellowship Bible Church, (2013) About fellowship bible church. Samurai Virtual Tours. http//aboutfbc. org/ Gerdts, J. , & Bernier, R. , (2011). The broader autism phenotype and its implications on the etiology and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research & Treatment, 1-19. oi10. 1155/2011/545901 Guldberg, K. , (2010). Educating children on the autism spectrum Preconditions for inclusion and notions of best autism practice in the early years. British Journal of Special Education, 37(4), 168-174. doi10. 1111/j. 1467-8578. 2010. 00482. x Jones, G. , English, A. , Guldberg, K. , Jordan, R. , Richardson, P. & Waltz, M. , (2008). Educational provision for children and young people with autism spectrum disorders living in England A review of current practice, issues and challenges, Autism Education Trust.Jones, G. & Guldberg Mash, E. J. , Wolfe, D. A. , Parritz, R. H. , & Troy, M. F. , (2011). Exceptional child psychology Liberty University. Bellmont, CA Cengage. CUSTOM NIASA (National Initiative for Autism Screening & Assessment), (2003). National autism plan for children, the NIASA guidelines. London National Autistic Society. WebMD, (2010). Autism spectrum disorders health center, Autism Treatment overview. Healthwise. http//www. webmd. com/brain/autism/autism-treatment-overview